#	Title	Year
1.	Two-Tiered Justice: Race, Class, and Crime Policy The negative influence of a segregated society on its criminal justice system, in particular incarceration, is explained. This chapter is divided into the following sections: the development of mass ... Read More	2010
2.	Downscaling Prisons: Lessons from Four States Policy makers in states looking to reduce the number of individuals incarcerated in their prisons should read this report. The practical ways (via policies and reforms) significant declines were ... Read More	2010
3.	Incarcerated Parents and Their Children: Trends 1991-2007 Issues surrounding the impact of incarceration on parents and their children are discussed. Sections contained in this report include: introduction with key points; incarcerated parents -- ... Read More	2009
4.	The Changing Racial Dynamics of the War on Drugs Factors behind the changes in drug offense convictions from 1999 to 2005, a 21.6% decrease for African-Americans and a 42.6% increase for whites, are investigated. Sections of this report are: ... Read More	2009
5.	The Impact of Mandatory Sentencing Policies in the United States: Prepared for the Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Canada This testimony addresses the experience of the U.S. in utilizing mandatory sentencing in the hope that it “will be useful in [the Committee’s] consideration of proposed changes in Canadian law” (p. ... Read More	2009
6.	Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System: Prepared for the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security This testimony addresses the “profound impact of disproportionate rates of incarceration in communities of color” (p. 1). Topics covered include: causes of racial disparity—disproportionate crime ... Read More	2009
7.	Reducing Racial Disparity in the Criminal Justice System. A Manual for Practitioners and Policymakers "The purpose of this manual is to present information on the causes of disparity and to examine what actions can be taken among criminal justice professionals to reduce disparity" (p. 1) Sections of ... Read More	2008
8.	Racial Impact Statements as a Means of Reducing Unwarranted Sentencing Disparities The use of racial impact statements "to anticipate any unwarranted racial disparities [in sentencing] and to consider alternate policies that could accomplish the goals of [new sentencing] ... Read More	2007
9.	Uneven Justice: State Rates of Incarceration By Race and Ethnicity The disproportionate representation of minorities among incarcerated individuals is examined in a state-by-state analysis, with particular attention paid to Hispanic ethnicity. This report contains ... Read More	2007
10.	A 25-Year Quagmire: The War on Drugs and Its Impact on American Society The relationship between American Society and the 25-year "war on drugs" is examined. Sections of this report are: overview; drug policy and the criminal justice system; many drug offenders are ... Read More	2007
11.	Sentencing with Discretion: Crack Cocaine Sentencing After Booker Changes to federal crack cocaine sentencing due to the Supreme Court decision of United States v. Booker are examined. This briefing paper discusses: key findings; 24 federal court decisions in 2005 ... Read More	2006
12.	Barred for Life: Voting Rights Restoration In Permanent Disenfranchisement States Results from the first national survey of the restoration of voting rights in the 14 states which disenfranchise convicted offenders even after sentence completion are available at this website. Six ... Read More	2005
13.	The War on Marijuana The enforcement of marijuana drug control laws in the U.S. during the 1990s is assessed. Sections of this report are: executive summary; law enforcement and marijuana; little impact on marijuana ... Read More	2005
14.	Incarceration and Crime: A Complex Relationship The effects of incarceration on crime reduction is examined. This briefing paper analyzes the following issues: determining the relationship between incarceration and crime; differing methods of ... Read More	2005
15.	Schools and Prisons: Fifty Years After: Brown v. Board of Education Issues surrounding the unprecedented and disproportionate increase in the numbers of incarcerated African Americans are discussed. Sections comprising this briefing paper include: overview; causal ... Read More	2004
16.	The Meaning of "Life": Long Prison Sentences in Context Issues surrounding the fairness and reliability of the imposition of life sentences are analyzed and discussed. This report addresses: life sentences in general; state policy changes; lifers in ... Read More	2004
17.	The Vanishing Black Electorate: Felony Disenfranchisement in Atlanta, Georgia The impact of disenfranchisement on communities at the local level and on actual registration rates is examined. Sections of this report are: introduction; the expanding criminal justice system and ... Read More	2004
18.	Lessons of the "Get Tough" Movement in the United States [T]o the extent that the get tough policies are observed or emulated, it is incumbent upon us to understand their impact and relevance for other nations (p. 1). Thus, this presentation explains how: ... Read More	2004
19.	Big Prisons, Small Towns: Prison Economics in Rural America The economic impact of prison hosting by seven rural counties in New York is assessed. The following sections are contained in this report: overview; key findings; rural prison siting in New York ... Read More	2003
20.	Comparative International Rates of Incarceration: An Examination of Causes and Trends The impact of incarceration in the U.S. is examined. This report has sections covering: causal factors -- crime rates, criminal justice policies, cross-national sentencing comparisons, and policy ... Read More	2003
21.	The Hidden Problem of Time Served in Prison Problems associated with the rise in time served in prisons since 1990 are addressed. Increasing the amount of time served: is directly linked to growing prison populations; does not reduce ... Read More	2003
22.	State Sentencing and Corrections Policy in an Era of Fiscal Restraint Actions that have resulted in reduced incarceration ("the first significant moderation in criminal justice policy among states in decades") are assessed (p. 1). Following an executive summary, this ... Read More	2002
23.	Distorted Priorities: Drug Offenders in State Prisons A demographic "portrait" of drug offenders in state prisons is presented. Sections of this report include: criminal history of incarcerated drug offenders; level of involvement in drug activity -- ... Read More	2002
24.	Aging Behind Bars: "Three Strikes" Seven Years Later The impact of the "three strikes" law in California since its inception in 1994 is evaluated. Sections of this report include: the aging of the California prison population; the aging prison ... Read More	2001
25.	Regaining the Vote: An Assessment of Activity Relating to Felon Disenfranchisement Laws Disenfranchisement laws affect a growing population. An estimated 1 in 50 adults has currently or permanently lost their ability to vote. This document provides an update to a previous report ... Read More	2000
26.	Diminishing Returns: Crime and Incarceration in the 1990s The mistaken belief that the reduction in crime rates experienced from 1991 to 1998 was due to increased incarceration is shown to have little support in data analyzed at the state level. This study ... Read More	2000

Or, view the topic index.

What's in the library?

The focus of the Information Center's online library is on unpublished, operationally-oriented materials developed by correctional agencies. The online library also includes National Institute of Corrections publications and links to other corrections-related materials.

New In the Library

Date	Sort By Title
Sep. 01, 2010	Coaching Packets “Each of these Coaching Packets provides an overview of a key topic related to successful offender reentry, concrete strategies and key steps for enhancing practice in this area, and a "self ... Accession Number: 024641.
Sep. 01, 2010	The School-to-Prison Pipeline…and Back: Obstacles and Remedies for the Re-Enrollment of Adjudicated Youth “In this article, [the authors] consider the disturbing reluctance of schools to allow delinquent youth to continue their education and the high dropout rates for youth returning from juvenile ... Accession Number: 024642.
Sep. 01, 2010	Florida Model Jail Standards In addition to the Florida Model Jail Standards (FMJS), this website provides access to: FMJS--Revisions Highlighted (07/31/09); August 2010 Jail Inspectors Class Memo; Tallahassee Inspectors Class ... Accession Number: 024624.
Sep. 01, 2010	The NAMI NJ Do and Don’t Card for Law Enforcement Education: Mental Illness Crisis This pocket card explains what to do and not to do when interacting with mentally ill people during a crisis. Accession Number: 024632.
Sep. 01, 2010	Juvenile Delinquency Probation Caseload, 2007 Those people involved with juveniles under probation will find this fact sheet interesting. Observations made include: one-third of all delinquency cases disposed in 2007 received probation as the ... Accession Number: 024633.
Sep. 01, 2010	Static-99 Clearinghouse A wealth of information regarding this sex offender risk assessment instrument for adult males is available at this website. Points of entry are Static-99 documents, training, Static-2002 documents, ... Accession Number: 024635.
Sep. 01, 2010	National GAINS Center “The GAINS Center's primary focus is on expanding access to community based services for adults diagnosed with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders at all points of contact with ... Accession Number: 024625.
Sep. 01, 2010	Establishing and Maintaining Medicaid Eligibility upon Release from Public Institutions Individuals involved in acquiring Medicaid benefits for mentally ill ex-offenders returning to the community will find the lessons learned from this study helpful. The development and implementation ... Accession Number: 024645.
Sep. 01, 2010	Prisons and Terrorism: Radicalization and De-Radicalization in 15 Countries Anyone involved with prisons should read this report. It “identifies trade-offs and dilemmas but also principles and best practices that will help governments and policymakers spot new ideas and ... Accession Number: 024646.
Sep. 01, 2010	State Correctional System Officers’ Retirement Programs: Results from a 50-State Survey This information will be of interest to people involved with the retirement of state correctional system officers. Responses from this survey cover whether a separate retirement system exists for ... Accession Number: 024649.
Sep. 01, 2010	Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2008-09 Results from the second National Inmate Survey (NIS-2) documenting inmate sexual assault are presented. The NIS-2 “is part of the National Prison Rape Statistics Program, which collects ... Accession Number: 024652.
Sep. 01, 2010	Policies and Procedures of the Illinois Juvenile Justice System This report provides an overview of the Illinois juvenile justice system including the processes related to an incident, police custody and arrest, pre-trial, trial or plea, sentencing hearing, ... Accession Number: 024653.
Aug. 30, 2010	Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2007 Statistics regarding juvenile court cases are organized according to counts and trends, gender, race, age, detention, intake decision, waiver to criminal court, and adjudication and disposition. Accession Number: 024634.
Aug. 30, 2010	Project POOCH Information about and from Project POOCH can be found on this website. Project POOCH (Positive Opportunities, Obvious Change with Hounds) is a program began in 1993 at the MacLaren Youth Correctional ... Accession Number: 024609.
Aug. 30, 2010	A History of Prison Inmate-Animal Interaction Programs The use of animal-facilitated programming in prisons is examined. This is done with a detailed look at historic precedents and current programs. While more research is needed, it appears that animal ... Accession Number: 024604.
Aug. 30, 2010	Pound Puppies: The Rehabilitative Uses of Dogs in Correctional Facilities This article provides a nice overview of the role dogs can play in an inmate’s rehabilitation. Topics discussed include: the roots of animal therapy; three types of assistance dog training—guide dog, ... Accession Number: 024605.
Aug. 30, 2010	The Experiences of Offenders in a Prison Canine Program The experiences of participants in the prison-based Indiana Canine Assistant and Adolescent Network (ICAAN) are explored. Findings are presented for the following themes—patience, parenting skills, ... Accession Number: 024606.
Aug. 30, 2010	Perspectives of Youth in an Animal-Centered Correctional Vocational Program: A Qualitative Evaluation of Project Pooch The experiences of incarcerated youth participating in the Project POOCH program are explored. Global themes reported are: patience and responsibility; developing a relationship; work ... Accession Number: 024608.
Aug. 30, 2010	Healing Invisible Wounds: Why Investing in Trauma-Informed Care for Children Makes Sense The need to fund services for juveniles affected by traumatic events is explained. Topics discussed include traumatic experiences affect on brain development in children; traumatic brain injury and ... Accession Number: 024619.
Aug. 30, 2010	Prison Count 2010: State Population Declines for the First Time in 38 Years The 0.3% drop in the number of individuals held in U.S. prisons (from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009) is discussed. Sections of this brief cover the wide range of state trends, what is ... Accession Number: 024620.
Aug. 30, 2010	Cities Pave the Way: Promising Reentry Policies that Promote Local Hiring of People with Criminal Records Individuals involved with helping ex-offenders find employment after their release from incarceration will find this guide very interesting. It “assembles the most promising local policies that ... Accession Number: 024622.
Aug. 30, 2010	The Real Costs and Benefits of Change: Finding Opportunities for Reform During Difficult Fiscal Times Individuals advocating for cost-effective juvenile justice reform need to turn to this guide “to help reinforce the value, both in terms of dollars and substance, of progressive programming for ... Accession Number: 024621.
Aug. 30, 2010	Expanding Opportunity: Employing the Formerly Incarcerated in the Green Economy This paper can help individuals “in their work to overcome systemic barriers and fundamentally transform the opportunities of people with criminal records in society and build healthy communities of ... Accession Number: 024626.
Aug. 30, 2010	The High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration Anyone interested or involved in reducing correctional expenditures should read this paper. Sections following an executive summary are an introduction; incarceration nation; cost, punishment; the ... Accession Number: 024627.
Aug. 30, 2010	The Impact of Parental Imprisonment on Children This report is necessary reading for those people involved with the children of inmates. It brings together what is known about how children are impacted by a parent’s imprisonment and offers ... Accession Number: 024628.
Aug. 30, 2010	System Change Accomplishments of the Corporation for Supportive Housing’s Returning Home Initiative Individuals looking to establish a supportive program for housing people being released from prison will find the challenges and successes of the Returning Home Initiative useful in formulating their ... Accession Number: 024631.
Aug. 26, 2010	Sexual Assault in Jail and Juvenile Facilities: Promising Practices for Prevention and Response: Final Report This is essential reading for anyone tasked with eradicating the sexual assault of incarcerated individuals. Eleven promising practices are described: leaders who promote values; officials who seek ... Accession Number: 024644.
Aug. 26, 2010	A Guidebook for Less-Lethal Devices: Planning for, Selecting, and Implementing Technology Solutions “This guide is designed to provide a comprehensive view of less-lethal technologies, their evolutionary role in criminal justice, and considerations when acquiring such devices to meet operational ... Accession Number: 024647.
Aug. 24, 2010	Volunteer Programs: Enhancing Public Safety by Leveraging Resources: A Resource Guide for Law Enforcement Agencies This publication is “a resource guide for chiefs of police, sheriffs, and other executives of state and local law enforcement agencies interested in establishing or enhancing volunteer programs ... Accession Number: 024567.
Aug. 23, 2010	Evaluation of the Ridge House Residential Program: Final Report The effectiveness of the Ridge House program to reduce recidivism is examined. Ridge House is a “spiritually-based, short-term transitional housing program that provides substance abuse treatment and ... Accession Number: 024568.
Aug. 23, 2010	It’s About Time: Aging Prisoners, Increasing Costs, and Geriatric Release This report, “based upon a statutory review of geriatric release provisions…offers recommendations for responding to the disparities between geriatric release policies and practice” (p.2). Agencies ... Accession Number: 024569.
Aug. 23, 2010	Making Things Right: Meaningful Community Service for Juvenile Offenders Issues surrounding juveniles doing community service are addressed. Topics discussed include: what community service is; meaningful community service; community in three jurisdictions—Deschutes ... Accession Number: 024566.
Aug. 23, 2010	Reentry Programs Database This searchable database includes “descriptions of reentry programs and initiatives from across the country…[which] highlight promising efforts that may provide valuable ideas for policymakers to ... Accession Number: 024579.
Aug. 23, 2010	Office of Justice Programs’ Management of Its Offender Reentry Initiatives Results from an evaluation of the Office of Justice Programs’ (OJP’s) two major offender reentry initiatives are presented and analyzed. Sections following an executive summary are: introduction; ... Accession Number: 024581.
Aug. 23, 2010	The California Miracle: Drastically Reduced Youth Incarceration, Drastically Reduced Youth Crime Individuals interested in the relationship between reduced youth crime and reduced incarceration of youth should read this article. Its authors investigated juvenile incarceration and crime trends ... Accession Number: 024576.
Aug. 23, 2010	PA-CO-OCCURRING.ORG: Co-Occurring Resource & Information Center While local sources of information may be specific to Pennsylvania, the majority of the information on this website can benefit those who are suffering from co-occurring disorders and those who are ... Accession Number: 024582.
Aug. 23, 2010	Recidivism Drops in Those Supervised by MH Courts A short overview of findings by North Carolina State University researchers is presented. During a two-year period, 72% of those who completed the mental health court process where not rearrested. ... Accession Number: 024577.
Aug. 23, 2010	Strengthening Sex Offenders’ Spouses This detailed outline covers sex offender chaperone training. Topics discussed include: reasons to train partners and others as chaperones; what chaperones must know; chaperone strengths; chaperone ... Accession Number: 024583.
Aug. 23, 2010	LRA [Less Restrictive Alternative] Chaperone Information Guide and Training Protocol This guide “is intended to assist those individuals who have elected to serve as a volunteer chaperone for an individually who is civilly committed [and]…is also intended to serve as a training tool” ... Accession Number: 024584.
Aug. 23, 2010	Prisoners' Right to Read: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights This document explains why inmates have a right to particular forms of information while incarcerated. Accession Number: 024585.
Aug. 19, 2010	New Jail Planning: Getting It Right Lessons learned from four communities that built new jails are related. This is done by utilizing the four major steps of the Facility Developmental Process model: determine the need and feasibility; ... Accession Number: 024347.
Aug. 18, 2010	Guide to the State Juvenile Justice Profiles "This bulletin introduces users to the history, content, and design of the State Juvenile Justice Profiles web site" (p. 1). Sections comprising this publication are: introduction; the Great Debate ... Accession Number: 021940.
Aug. 18, 2010	TPC Case Management Handbook: An Integrated Case Management Approach “This handbook is designed for teams of correctional and noncorrectional staff at the policy, management, and line staff levels who have been charged with implementing improvements in supervision and ... Accession Number: 024393.
Aug. 17, 2010	Supervising Low-Level Sex Offenders in the Community: An Integrated Model This training program “is a collaborative response to supervising sex offenders and focuses on the role of probation and parole officers. The curriculum uses an interactive format to help staff ... Accession Number: 024623.
Aug. 17, 2010	Section 9. Risk Assessment Instrument The development of a risk assessment tool to be used at the detention intake of a juvenile offender is described. This document covers goals, key elements, history, collaboration, implementation, ... Accession Number: 024552.
Aug. 17, 2010	Ohio Pretrial Risk Assessment Tool The creation and validation of the Ohio Risk Assessment System is explained. Two documents comprise this collection: “Creation and Validation of the Ohio Risk Assessment System: Final Report” by ... Accession Number: 024551.
Aug. 17, 2010	Locked Up & Out: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Youth in Louisiana’s Juvenile Justice System The strategies offered for addressing the challenges LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) youth must deal with in correctional facilities will provide guidance for other correctional ... Accession Number: 024560.
Aug. 17, 2010	Report: Lane County’s Public Safety Risk Assessment Tool The development and validity of the Risk Assessment Tool (RAT), a “semi automated computer database that is used by the State Court Pretrial Services Office in partnership with the Lane County ... Accession Number: 024550.
Aug. 17, 2010	Tracking Inmates and Locating Staff with Active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): Early Lessons Learned in One U.S. Correctional Facility The use of active radio-frequency identification (RFID) to strengthen a correctional agency’s operations and safety is investigated. Four chapters are contained in this report: introduction; ... Accession Number: 024557.
Aug. 17, 2010	Racine County Pretrial Risk Assessment Information regarding the Racine Pretrial Risk Assessment process is provided. Individuals thinking about creating pretrial risk assessments should look over the material in this packet. Documents ... Accession Number: 024549.
Aug. 17, 2010	Pretrial Risk Assessment and Case Classification: A Case Study The use of the Pretrial Bond Supervision (PTBS) program to objectively make recommendations to judges about cash bonds or “supervised release” is explained. This article discusses: the primary ... Accession Number: 024556.
Aug. 17, 2010	Overview of Research Findings on Pretrial Risk Assessment and Pretrial Supervision If you are contemplating the use of another agency’s pretrial risk assessment tool without modification to your own organization’s needs you may want to read this report. The use of pretrial risk ... Accession Number: 024555.
Aug. 17, 2010	Examining the Potential Use of a Pretrial Risk Assessment Tool in King County, Washington: Final Report If you are thinking of using a pretrial risk tool in your area, this publication may answer some of the questions you have. Sections of this report include: introduction; benefits and questions ... Accession Number: 024554.
Aug. 17, 2010	The Looming Challenge of Dementia in Corrections Issues related to inmates with dementia are discussed. Sections of this article are: addressing the problem; tip of the iceberg—40 year forecast; we need to do better at early detention; once ... Accession Number: 024546.
Aug. 17, 2010	Virginia Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument (VPRAI) This pretrial assessment instrument is a great resource for developing and implementing or retuning such a tool for your agency. This collection contains: “VPRAI Instruction Manual Version 1.2”; "VA ... Accession Number: 024545.
Aug. 17, 2010	Pretrial Justice Institute (PJI) This should be the first stop on your search for pretrial services information. Points of entry are: about PJI; PJI’s services; pretrial services; analysis and research; diversion programs; ... Accession Number: 024553.
Aug. 17, 2010	Operation of GAF in a Correctional Setting The use of the GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) in a correctional setting is explained. Accession Number: 024563.
Aug. 10, 2010	A Case Study of Incarcerated Males Participating in a Canine Training Program The potential benefits realized through the use of a canine training program in a correctional facility are investigated. The inmates train assistance, therapy, rescue, and medical alert canines. ... Accession Number: 024607.
Aug. 10, 2010	Mortality in Local Jails, 2000-2007 Statistics about the 8,110 inmate deaths occurring in local jails during 2000-2007 are presented. Some findings are: over 80% of U.S. jails had no deaths in their custody; 53% of all deaths were due ... Accession Number: 024540.
Aug. 09, 2010	A Conversation Regarding Crisis Intervention Teams As a Model for New Program Adoption “This paper will explore conditions and factors that have supported or hindered the [CIT] model adoption” (p.2). Sections comprising this document include: introduction; historical perspective; model ... Accession Number: 024601.
Aug. 09, 2010	Welcome to CIT International Information about and from CIT International can be found at this website. Accession Number: 024602.
Aug. 09, 2010	Tips on Organizing Your Community Guidance is provided for getting support for a crisis intervention team (CIT). Advice covers: bringing the stakeholders together; using existing planning/coordinating groups; finding a champion; ... Accession Number: 024600.
Aug. 09, 2010	CIT Information Brochures Agencies looking to create a brochure about their crisis intervention team (CIT) can find ideas from the public information pieces in this collection. Contents include: “CIT, Crisis Intervention ... Accession Number: 024598.
Aug. 09, 2010	III-3 Crisis Intervention Team “This policy is to establish guidelines for members assigned to the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) by outlining specific training and deployment procedures (p.1).” Sections include: purpose; ... Accession Number: 024597.
Aug. 09, 2010	Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Training An overview of crisis intervention teams (CIT) and CIT training is provided. The document covers: the whats, hows, and whys of CIT; the Memphis CIT Model; the CIT Model for the St. Louis area; CIT ... Accession Number: 024596.
Aug. 09, 2010	CIT Tool Kit “This tool kit is a step by step instruction booklet of the necessary parts and pieces that must be in place in order for Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training and implementation to be the most ... Accession Number: 024595.
Aug. 09, 2010	Self-Help Manual: Starting a CIT Program: A Step by Step Guide This guide is for those who want to start up a crisis intervention team (CIT) in their community. Sections of this document are: background; benefits; introductory steps; assembling the team; getting ... Accession Number: 024594.
Aug. 09, 2010	The Florida Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Program This document describes the key elements needed for successful crisis intervention team (CIT) success. Accession Number: 024593.
Aug. 09, 2010	Ready for Reentry: Successful Reintegration into the Community after Incarceration This brochure provides an overview of the Allegheny County Jail Collaborative and its efforts to help inmates make a successful reentry into the community. Topics discussed include: why reentry makes ... Accession Number: 024575.
Aug. 09, 2010	Can the Correctional System Live Up to Its Name? Offender Rehabilitation in America Individuals interested in inmate rehabilitation will read this publication. This report “ looks at various approaches toward achieving success in offender rehabilitation, drawing on existing research ... Accession Number: 024574.
Aug. 09, 2010	Juvenile Justice Information about issues related to juvenile justice can be found at this website. Points of access include: advocacy; featured stories; publications; and news. Accession Number: 024531.

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