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2012
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Youth (in)justice: Oral Language Competence in Early Life and Risk for Engagement in Antisocial Behaviour in Adolescence
By Snow, Pamela; Powell, Martine.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
“This paper is concerned with the growing body of evidence, both in Australia … and overseas that identifies oral language competence as a key competency that needs to be acquired early in life, so that important interpersonal, academic and vocational goals can be achieved in pro-social ways and the risk of offending behaviour can be reduced” (p. 1). Sections of this publication cover: what oral language competence is and why it matters; what the literature tells us about early psycho-social ri... Read More
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6 pages
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2012
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Child Sexual Abuse and Subsequent Offending and Victimization: A 45 Year Follow-Up Study
By Ogloff, James R.P.; Cutajar, Margaret C.; Mann, Emily; Mullen, Paul.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
The impact of sexual abuse as a child on that individual’s later offending or re-victimization as an adult is examined. Sections of this report cover: subsequent offending by childhood sexual abuse (CSA) victims; subsequent victimization of CSA victims; association between CSA and offending; association between CSA and victimization; and mediating factors between CSA and offending. Victims of childhood sexual assault “were almost five times more likely than the general population to be charged w... Read More
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6 pages
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2011
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Good Practice in Women's Prisons: A Literature Review
By Bartels, Lorana; Gaffney, Antonette.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
Individuals wanting to keep abreast of best practices in women’s prisons will find this report useful. While it focuses on prisons for women in Australia, it also covers developments in the United States, Canada, and Denmark. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; recent developments in corrections policies for female prisoners; women’s prison systems and architecture; women’s prison system management and operation; corrections programs for women; security issues and clas... Read More
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92 pages
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2011
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Cost-Benefit Analysis and Its Application to Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Research
By Dossetor, Kym.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
Agencies wanting to compare the costs involved in implementing one program versus another will find this explanation of the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) very useful. CBA cannot determine a program’s effectiveness in achieving specific outcomes; this is program evaluation. CBA does show the expected costs and benefits resulting from a program’s utilization. Sections of this report following a set of acronyms include: introduction and overview of cost-benefit analysis—difference between cos... Read More
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57 pages
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2011
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What Makes Juvenile Offenders Different from Adult Offenders?
By Richards, Kelly.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
“This paper outlines the factors (biological, psychological and social) that make juvenile offenders different from adult offenders and that necessitate unique responses to juvenile crime” (p. 1). Anyone connected to juveniles involved with the criminal justice system needs to be aware of the findings gleaned from this study. Sections of this publication are: how juvenile offending differs from adult offending—the proportion of crime perpetrated by juveniles, growing out of crime and the age-cri... Read More
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8 pages
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2011
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Crime Families: Gender and the Intergenerational Transfer of Criminal Tendencies
By Goodwin, Vanessa; Davis, Brent.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
What is interesting about this paper is that it examines how the criminality of mothers affect subsequent delinquency of their sons and daughters. “For both genders…the more serious the parent’s criminal record, the greater the probability of their offspring subsequently committing offences, with the influence of the father’s record seemingly being greater than that of the mother” (p. 4).... Read More
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6 pages
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2011
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Prison-Based Correctional Rehabilitation: An Overview of Intensive Interventions for Moderate to High-Risk Offenders
By Heseltine, Karen; Sarre, Rick; Day, Andrew.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
While this publication is from Australia, it is quite informative and contains strategies that can be applied to rehabilitation efforts in the United States. This report “highlights the trend towards the delivery of high intensity (greater than 100 hour face-to-face contact) programs in Australia and notes some of the differences that exist between the various jurisdictional approaches to offender rehabilitation” (p. 1). Programs covered are those for motivation, cognitive skills, sexual offende... Read More
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6 pages
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2011
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Trends in Juvenile Detention in Australia
By Richards, Kelly.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
This report looks at key trends in Australia’s juvenile detention. It can be used as a good comparison of juvenile detention in Australia versus that in the United States. Sections of this publication include: trends in juvenile detention—sex age, indigenous status, legal status (remanded or sentenced); key issues—increase in proportion of remanded juveniles and indigenous juveniles in detention; and conclusion.... Read More
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8 pages
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2011
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Assessing the Social Climate of Australian Prisons
By Day, Andrew; Casey, Sharon; Vess, James; Huisy, Gina.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
The validation of the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) is discussed. This instrument is based on the premise that the social climate of a prison can impact the rehabilitation efforts of inmates. Sections of this report include: therapeutic prisons; how social climate can be measured; aims; methodology; results according to factor structure, staff and prisoner perceptions, and convergent validity; discussion—changing the social climate; and conclusion. The “results suggest that the Esse... Read More
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6 pages
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2011
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Misperceptions about Child Sex Offenders
By Richards, Kelly.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
“Sex offending against children is a highly emotive issue. It is nonetheless important that public policy initiatives to prevent and/or respond to child sexual abuse are based on the available evidence about child sex offenders.” This report aims to set straight five common myths about individuals guilty of child sex offences. These five misunderstandings are: all child sex offenders are paedophiles; child sex offenders target strangers; all child sex offenders were victims of sexual abuse thems... Read More
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8 pages
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2011
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Prescription Drug Use Among Detainees: Prevalence, Sources and Links to Crime
By McGregor, Catherine; Gately, Natalie; Fleming, Jennifer.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
“This report is the first of its kind in Australia to examine the self-reported use of illicit pharmaceuticals among a sample of police detainees surveyed as part of the Australian Institute of Criminology’s Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program” (p.1). This publication builds upon the little research done on the abuse (or non-medical use) of prescribed drugs by offenders. Findings are provided for :type of pharmaceuticals taken in the previous 12 months; sample characteristics; drugs ... Read More
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6 pages
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2009
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Women, Drug Use and Crime: Findings from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia Program
By Loxley, Wendy; Adams, Kerryn.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
The relationship between drug abuse and crime for female and male police detainees, prisoners, and the general Australian population is examined. Sections contained in this report include: executive summary; introduction; methodology; results for socio-demographic characteristics, current and recent offending, alcohol and other drug use and dependence, alcohol, relationship between drug use and crime, indigenous women, drug and alcohol treatment, and mental health issues; conclusion; and glossa... Read More
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43 p.
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2009
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The Specific Deterrent Effect of Custodial Penalties on Juvenile Reoffending
By Weatherburn, Don; Vignaendra, Sumitra; McGrath, Andrew.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT); Criminal Research Council (.
The impact of custodial sentences on juvenile reconviction rates is examined. Sections of this report include: executive summary; introduction; deterrence theory; the evidence on special deterrence; the present study; survey procedure; response rate and subject attrition; variables; analysis; results; and conclusion.”The results of this study suggest that, other things being equal, juvenile given custodial orders are no less likely to reoffend than juveniles given-non-custodial orders.
... Read More
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14 p.
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2009
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Challenges in Mainstreaming Specialty Courts
By Bartels, Lorana.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
“This paper presents the key features of problem-oriented justice and examines three challenges with these approaches and attempts at mainstreaming” (p.1). Sections of this publication include: features of problem-oriented justice; key challenges to mainstreaming problem-oriented justice—promoting equity of access, resources issues, and the role of the judicial officer; and conclusion.... Read More
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6 p.
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2009
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Intrafamilial Adolescent Sex Offenders: Psychological Profile and Treatment
By Grant, J; Indermaur, D; Thornton, J; Stevens, G; Chamarette, C; Halse, A.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
“The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of what is known about intrafamilial adolescent sex offenders (IASOs),” such as 40-90% of sexual abuse against children is caused by other children (p. 1). Sections of this document cover: a profile of intrafamilial adolescent sex offenders; the different groups (typologies) of IASOs; treatment of adolescent sex offenders; and conclusions and policy issues.... Read More
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5 p.
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2009
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Confidence in the Criminal Justice System
By Indermaur, David; Roberts, Lynne.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
Increasing dissatisfaction with the criminal justice system is examined. This article covers: international and Australian research; the Australian Survey of Social Attitudes (AuSSA); confidence in police; confidence in criminal courts; confidence in prisons; confidence across the criminal justice system; the evaporative effect—lessening of confidence in the criminal justice system staring with the police and ending with corrections; measurement limitations; key implications; and conclusions. It... Read More
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6 p.
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2009
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Mental Health, Abuse, Drug Use and Crime: Does Gender Matter?
By Forsythe, Lubica; Adams, Kerryn.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
The relationship between mental health, drug use, offending, and abuse as a child is examined. Groupings investigated include: mental abuse among police detainees, mental illness and drug use and offending, and childhood abuse and drug use and offending. Results show that female detainees are more likely than males to use “Hard” drugs (i.e., heroin and amphetamines), be arrested for property crimes, and possess a stronger relationship between drug use, offending and being abused as a child.... Read More
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6 p.
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