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2013
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Protecting our Protectors: Using Science to Improve Officer Safety and Wellness
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
"Each year, 100-200 law enforcement officers die in the line of duty. Last year, 177 lost their lives — a 16-percent increase from 2010. As Attorney General Eric Holder noted, this is a devastating and unacceptable trend. NIJ has developed a robust research portfolio to improve officer safety and wellness and, ultimately, save lives. This panel discussed some of NIJ’s most promising work to reduce shooting and traffic-related fatalities — consistently the leading causes of officer line-of-duty d... Read More
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2012
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Exploring the Role of the Police in Prisoner Reentry
By Travis, Jeremy; Davis, Ronald; Lawrence, Sarah.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Harvard Kennedy School. Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management (Cambridge, MA); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“This paper is organized around two key elements. The first sets forth the basic parameters of the present-day reentry phenomenon in America, with a particular focus on two dimensions that intersect with the work of urban police departments: high recidivism rates and the concentration of returning prisoners in a few neighborhoods. The second explores two rationales for police involvement in prisoner reentry efforts: the promotion of public safety and the promotion of the legitimacy of the police... Read More
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24 pages
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2012
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Improving Access to Services for Female Offenders Returning to the Community
By Garcia, Marie; Ritter, Nancy.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This 'evaluation of re-entry services for female offenders shows that increasing access can lead to modest improvements in key areas' (p. 1). Topics discussed include: the use of SVORI (Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative) to gauge the need of female offenders re-entering communities; outcomes for SVORI women and non-SVORI women such as employment and substance use; implications for policy and practice'provision and delivery of post-release services; and where to go from here.... Read More
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5 pages
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2012
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Officer Work Hours, Stress and Fatigue
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This website is an excellent introduction to interactions between fatigue, work scheduling, and stress. Sections address: what fatigue is; factors that can cause stress and fatigue for law enforcement officers; the impact of sleep deprivation on performance; how fatigue affects health; the prevention of officer fatigue; the cost savings and other benefits of 10-hour shifts; sleep disorders and law enforcement officers; and other Web resources on officer stress and fatigue.... Read More
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2012
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Improving Access to Services for Female Offenders Returning to the Community
By Garcia, Marie; Ritter, Nancy.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“As a group, women are often overlooked with regard to re-entry programming, and results from the recent evaluation of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) showed that adult females reported a significantly higher need for services than men. This finding highlights a thread running through the re-entry literature that suggests a disconnect between the services individuals need to facilitate a successful re-entry into their community and the services they receive” (p. 18). ... Read More
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6 pages
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2012
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Healthy Officers Are Safer Officers: The Nexus Between Performance & Health
Harvard Kennedy School. Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation (Cambridge, MA); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
'Last year, 177 police officers lost their lives in the line of duty and 143 committed suicide. These deaths are devastating and unacceptable. The National Institute of Justice has developed a robust research portfolio to improve officer safety and wellness and, ultimately, save lives. The experts on this panel discussed some of the evidence-based practices and policies that law enforcement agencies can put into operation to reduce officer deaths and improve wellness and performance.' This websi... Read More
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2012
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Looking Back to See the Future of Prison Downsizing in America
By Petersilia, Joan; Laub, John H..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Joan Petersilia presented this keynote speech at the June 2012 Conference of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). Petersilia explains why the current round of prison downsizing, in particular efforts in California, may well echo the previous attempt to downsize prisons during the 1980s and 1990s, when intermediate sanction programs (ISPs) where seen as the means to alleviate prison crowding. She explains not only why the chance for failure exists, but also why downsizing might just work. Fai... Read More
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2011
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Evaluation of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The final reports of an evaluation regarding the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) can be found at this website. These are: “The Multi-Site Evaluation of SVORI: Summary and Synthesis”; “Prisoner Reentry Experiences of Adult Males: Characteristics, Service Receipt, and Outcomes of Participants in the SVORI Multi-Site Evaluation”; “Prisoner Reentry Experiences of Adult Females: Characteristics, Service Receipt, and Outcomes of Participants in the SVORI Multi-Site Evaluation”;... Read More
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2011
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Study of Deaths Following Electro Muscular Disruption
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Deaths related to the use of conducted energy devices (CEDs) are examined. Topics discussed include: continued use of CEDs by law enforcement; potential for moderate, severe, or secondary injury; cardiac rhythm issues; respiratory and metabolic issues; CEDs as contributors to stress; excited delirium; safety margins of CEDs; prolonged exposure; research associated with a decision to use a CED; post-event medical care; considerations in death investigation; and considerations in death certificati... Read More
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74 pages
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2011
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Reentry Into Society
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (NIJ) reentry efforts are highlighted on this website. This website begins with an overview of prisoner reentry, a discussion of the need for coordinated reentry services, and a brief look at the NIJ’s reentry research portfolio. Additional links on the site are: evaluation of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI); evaluation of Second Chance Act Demonstration Projects; research on reentry and employment; publications on reentry, parole, and pr... Read More
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2011
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Mental and Substance Use Disorders among Adult Men on Probation or Parole: Some Success against a Persistent Challenge
By Feucht, Thomas E.; Gfroerer, Joseph.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applies Studies (Rockville, MD); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Issues related to adult males with mental and substance-use disorders on supervised release be it parole or probation are discussed. Sections of this report include: abstract; introduction; methods; results for trends in the number of probationers and parolees, and substance use, dependence, and abuse and unmet treatment need among probationers, and rates of mental disorders among parolees and probationers over time; and discussion. There is significant need for the provision of treatment and re... Read More
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16 pages
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2011
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Electronic Monitoring Reduces Recidivism
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Agencies looking to begin or expand their use of home detection will find this review very useful. Topics discussed include: increasing use of electronic monitoring; overall findings; perceptions of the effects on personal relationships; perceptions of the effects on employment and housing; how electronic monitoring works; and outlook.... Read More
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4 pages
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2011
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Body Armor That Complies With NIJ Ballistic Resistance Standard, 0101.06
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This table shows how armor can meet compliance at defined protection classes and also armor, listed alphabetically by vendor, found to be compliant with NIJ Standard-0101.06 for ballistic resistance. It notes model designation, gender, opening, accessory, size range, shot-to-edge for round 1 and 2, and warranty. This list is updated whenever new armor is found to be compliant.... Read More
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2011
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Strategic Cutback Management: Law Enforcement Leadership for Lean Times
By Wiseman, Jane.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This report “presents lessons learned from past experience and suggests approaches leaders can use to address financial crises in law enforcement” (p. ii). These strategies can also be applied to corrections. This guide also provides examples of other agencies using these tactics. Sections cover: challenges during times of economic decline; ways to manage during times of economic decline—business process re-engineering (BPR), performance measurement, and budgeting for outcomes; selected current ... Read More
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30 pages
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2011
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Stab-Resistent Body Armor That Complies With NIJ Stab Resistance Standard, 0115.00
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This table shows how armor can meet compliance at defined protection classes and also armor, listed alphabetically by vendor, found to be compliant with NIJ Standard 0115.00 for stab resistance. It notes threat level/protection class, model name, style, and if there is a version just for females. This list is updated whenever new armor is found to be compliant.... Read More
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2010
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Adding Value to Justice Outcome Evaluations
By Zedlewski, Edwin W..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“This paper illustrates the challenges encountered when incorporating cost analysis in criminal justice settings” (p.1). Sections of this document include: some basic terminology; the cost-effectiveness of private security—an infrequently explored question; youth delinquency prevention programs—underestimated benefits; police interventions—monetizing fear of crime; offender rehabilitation—weak measures of reoffending; guidance that is appropriate for evaluators; concluding comments.... Read More
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12 p.
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2010
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Alternatives to Custodial Supervision: The Day Fine
By Zedlewski, Edwin W..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This report is a great resource for the setting up of a day fine (an income-calibrated fine that the offender pays) criminal sanction process in your jurisdiction. This sanction is used instead of the far more costly direct supervision sentence that the taxpayer has to support. Sections of this paper include: introduction; introducing day fines in the criminal justice system; advantages of day fines; calculating day fines; descriptions of day fine systems; U.S. efforts to incorporate day fines; ... Read More
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12 p.
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2009
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The Judicial Oversight Demonstration: Culminating Report on the Evaluation
By Harrell, Adele; Visher, Christy; Newmark, Lisa; Yahner, Jennifer.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
An overview is provided of the findings from the final evaluation of the Judicial Oversight Demonstration (JOD) project "designed to test the feasibility and impact of a coordinated response to intimate partner violence (IPV)" (p. ii). Sections of this report include: about this report; the JOD initiative; the evaluation of JOD; key findings on the impact of JOD; victim services and well-being; offender accountability and perceptions; revictimization; lessons on JOD implementation; lessons from... Read More
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2009
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Using Technology to Make Prisons and Jails Safer
By Bulman, Philip.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice-sponsored pilot programs that assist correctional agencies in detecting contraband and running safer facilities are described. Technologies tested include: a millimeter wave imaging system for scanning visitors for contraband; the WANDD (Weapons and Non-Permitted Devices Detector) portable sound wave contraband detector; and RFID (radio frequency identification) technology to track the movements of prisoners.... Read More
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4 p.
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2009
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Sex Offender Registration and Notification: Limited Effects in New Jersey
By Zgoba, Kristen M.; Bachar, Karen.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Results are provided from an evaluation of the impact of Megans' Law in New Jersey. Sections of this review include: overview; findings; about the study -- identify trends, compare "before" and "after"; and estimate costs; and demographics of the study. In New Jersey, Megans' Law has had little to no effect on reducing sex offenses.... Read More
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4 p.
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2009
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Practical Implications of Current Domestic Violence Research: For Law Enforcement, Prosecutors and Judges
By Klein, Andrew R..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This report covers research related to domestic violence. Eight sections make up this document: overview; reporting and arrests; perpetrator characteristics; victim characteristics; law enforcement responses; prosecution responses; judicial responses; and intervention programs.... Read More
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96 p.
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2009
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Residency Restrictions: What's Geography Got to Do with It?
By Wartell, Julie.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Community Oriented Policing Services (Washington, DC); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The use of a geographic information system to manage residency restrictions applied to registered sex offenders is explored. Contents of this bulletin include: what geography has got to do with residency restrictions; right place, right time -- GPS monitoring in Pinellas County (FL); residency restrictions and sex offender recidivism -- implications for public safety; technical tips; geographic research suggests sex offender registry laws may not work; and news briefs.... Read More
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16 p.
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2009
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Cell Phones Behind Bars
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Cell phone use in prisons is discussed. This publication is comprised of these sections: a widespread problem; contraband; shutting down cell phones; and countering the problem.... Read More
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2 p.
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2009
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Sleep Deprivation: What Does It Mean for Public Safety Officers?
By Vila, Bryan.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
'Sleep and fatigue are basic survival issues, just like patrol tactics, firearms safety and pursuit driving. To reduce risks, stay alive and keep healthy, officers and their managers have to work together to manage fatigue. Too-tired cops put themselves, their fellow officers and the communities they serve at risk' (p. 27). This article addresses the critical problem of fatigue and its reduction in the lives of public safety officers. Topics discussed include: accidental deaths and fatigue; what... Read More
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6 pages
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1999
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Washington State's Corrections Clearinghouse: A Comprehensive Approach to Offender Employment
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The Corrections Clearinghouse (CCH) provides a wide range of services to prison inmates. Direct services include vocational assessments, job preparation training, and employment assistance. CCH also provides brokering and coordination services. While CCH's mission includes the provision of services to prisons, it also works with juvenile facilities and promotes jail employment skills training. Eighty percent of CCH enrollees completed programs. Of Ex-Offender Work Orientation (Ex-O) Program pa... Read More
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20 p.
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1998
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Successful Job Placement for Ex-Offenders: The Center for Employment Opportunities
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) in New York City provides newly released offenders, primarily boot camp releasees, with a program designed to ease their reintegration into society. This "Program Focus" describes the transition from work crew participation to job placement interview, to permanent employment, to follow-up services. Responsibilities of the CEO staff, its relationship with the community, its success rate, and testimonials from CEO participants are included. ... Read More
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19 p.
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1998
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Texas' Project RIO (Re-Integration of Offenders)
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Providing job preparation services to inmates while they are still incarcerated in state prisons, Project RIO also provides job placement services to parolees in every county in Texas. According to a 1992 independent evaluation, a large percentage of RIO participants found employment, and only 23 percent of high-risk participants returned to prison compared with 38 percent of non-RIO parolees. ... Read More
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19 p.
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1998
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Chicago's Safer Foundation: A Road Back for Ex-Offenders
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The Safer Foundation helps ex-offenders find and hold jobs, and has expanded its focus to provide basic education, life skills training, support for solving social problems, and followup services after placement.
Its Programmed Activities for Correctional Education (PACE) Institute provides detainees and inmates in Chicago's Cook County Jail with basic education and life skills courses and some one-on-one tutoring.
Its Crossroads Community Correctional Center, Illinois' largest work rele... Read More
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19 p.
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1998
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The Delaware Department of Correction Life Skills Program
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This Program Focus profiles a 4-month state program for incarcerated men and women which includes academics, violence reduction, and applied life skills and incorporates a Moral Reconation Therapy approach. It addresses issues in staffing and program development, describes program costs, and provides vignettes of participants' experiences during and after the program. ... Read More
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19 p.
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1996
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Project Re-Enterprise: A Texas Program
By Moses, Marilyn C..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Project Re-Enterprise (PRE), administered by the Crime Prevention Institute, enlists the participation of local business leaders in an educational initiative to hone the job-seeking skills of inmates, who interview at mock job fairs. In addition to providing interviewing practice for the inmates, the program has caused some employers to voluntarily alter their policies regarding hiring ex-offenders. This Program Focus describes PRE's process, funding, and measures of success, and also outlines t... Read More
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16 p.
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1987
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Building on Experience: A Case Study of Advanced Construction and Financing Methods for Corrections
By Dewitt, Charles B..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC ).
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70 p.
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