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2012
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Alternative Sentencing Policies for Drug Offenders: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Kansas Senate Bill 123, Executive Summary [and] Final Report
By Stemen, Don; Rengifo, Andres F..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The impact of the first five years of “mandatory community-based supervision and substance abuse treatment for [nonviolent] individuals convicted of a first or second offense of simple drug possession” on recidivism rates and prison populations is assessed (p. 2). The following chapters and conclusions and recommendations are contained in the final report: methodology; sentencing practices; supervision and treatment practices; the individual-level impact of SB 123; the system-level impact; crimi... Read More
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17 pages + 264 pages
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2012
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Classifying Adult Probationers by Forecasting Future Offending
By Barnes, Geoffrey C.; Hyatt, Jordan M..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
If you are involved with the development and implementation of risk prediction tools in a probation setting, you should be aware of this new assessment system. “Random forest modeling techniques represent an improvement over the methodologies of traditional risk prediction instruments. Random forests allow for the inclusion of a large number of predictors, the use of a variety of different data sources, the expansion of assessments beyond binary outcomes, and taking the costs of different types... Read More
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64 pages
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2012
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Alternative Sentencing Policies for Drug Offenders: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Kansas Senate Bill 123, Executive Summary
By Stemen, Don; Rengifo, Andres F..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Kansas Senate Bill 123 (SB 123) “created mandatory community-based supervision and substance abuse treatment for individuals convicted of a first or second offense of simple drug possession … This evaluation documents the first five years of operation of SB 123 (November 1, 2003-October 31, 2008). The study examines the individual-level impact of SB 123 on recidivism rates and the system-level impact of SB 123 on prison populations. The study also assesses the impact of SB 123 on the work routin... Read More
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264 pages
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2012
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A Multi-State Recidivism Study Using Static-99R and Static-2002 Risk Scores and Tier Guidelines from the Adam Walsh Act
By Zgoba, Kristen M.; Miner, Michael; Knight, Raymond; Letourneau, Elizabeth; Levenson, Jill; Thornton, David.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The effectiveness of various sex offender classification instruments is investigated. This research is important in determining the best practices driving the success of sex offender management classification systems allowing you to utilize the best tool in your jurisdiction. Sections of this report include: abstract; executive summary; introduction; research design and methods; results regarding the respective abilities of nationally recommended Adam Walsh Act (AWA) classification tiers and act... Read More
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37 pages
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2012
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A Primer on Body-Worn Cameras for Law Enforcement
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
ManTech Advanced Systems International, Inc. (Fairmont, WV); National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) (Rockville, MD).
'The field deployment of body-worn camera systems (BWCs) by law enforcement practitioners (e.g., patrol, corrections, SWAT and other tactical responders) offers significant advantages in keeping officers safe, enabling situational awareness and providing evidence for trial ' This report provides an introduction to BWCs and highlights issues and factors that law enforcement organizations should consider prior to and during implementation' (p. 1). Sections comprising this publication include: intr... Read More
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19 pages
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2012
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Under the Penal Gaze: An Empirical Examination of Penal Consciousness Among Prison Inmates
By Sexton, Lori.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
'This dissertation develops a new theoretical framework that examines the ways in which prisoners orient to and make meaning of their punishment in order to more fully understand the nature of penality writ large. The framework, which I call penal consciousness, moves beyond the limited, objective view of punishment as legal sanction to a more expansive view of penality that privileges subjectivity and meaning' (p. xiii). Chapters comprising this dissertation are: introduction, literature review... Read More
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217 pages
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2012
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Improving Criminal Justice System Planning and Operations: Challenges for Local Governments and Criminal Justice Coordinating Councils
By Wickman, Aimee; Mahoney, Barry; Borakove, M. Elaine.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Justice Management Institute (Westminster, CO).
'There is a strong need for sound local level policies and practices that enable effective use of limited justice system resources, and there are major challenges that must be overcome if public moneys are to be used wisely and effectively in reducing crime and addressing persistent criminal justice issues' (p. 4). This report covers the actions of local organizations, usually called criminal justice coordinating councils (CJCCs), to address criminal justice planning and operational challenges i... Read More
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17 pages
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2012
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National Inventory of the Collateral Consequences of Conviction
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
American Bar Association (ABA). Criminal Justice Section (Chicago, IL); National Instate of Justice (Washington, DC).
Through the 'National Inventory of the Collateral Consequences of Conviction ' each jurisdiction's collateral consequences will be made accessible to the public through a website that can be searched and sorted by categories and keywords. The website will make it possible for criminal and civil lawyers to determine which collateral consequences are triggered by particular categories of offenses, for affected individuals to understand the limits on their rights and opportunities, and for lawmake... Read More
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2012
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Extension of Current Estimates of Redemption Times: Robustness Testing, Out–of-State Arrests, and Racial Differences
By Blumstein, Alfred; Nakamura, Kiminori.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“As information technology has increased the accessibility of criminal-history records, and concern for negligent-hiring lawsuits has grown, criminal background checking has become an important part of the hiring process for most employers. As a result, there is a growing concern that a large number of individuals are handicapped in finding employment because of a stale criminal-history record. The current study is an extension of a NIJ-funded project intended to provide the empirical estimates ... Read More
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114 pages
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2012
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Prisoner Reentry Services: What Worked for SVORI Evaluation Participants?
By Lattimore, Pamela K.; Barrick, Kelle; Cowell, Alexander; Dawes, Debbie; Steffey, Danielle; Tueller, Stephen; Visher, Christy A..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Results from the second evaluation of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI), a large multi-site collection of state and local programs are presented. Sections of this report include: executive summary; introduction; current study—data and methods; subject characteristics; results for adult males and for adult females according to housing, employment, victimization, compliance with supervision requirements, drug use, recidivism, summary and discussion; results for juvenile m... Read More
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560 pages
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2012
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Criminal Justice Interventions for Offenders with Mental Illness: Evaluation of Mental Health Courts in Bronx and Brooklyn, New York
By Rossman, Shelli B.; Willison, Janeen Buck; Mallik-Kane, Kamala; Kim, KiDeuk; Debus-Sherrill, Sara; Downey, D. Mitchell.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Urban Institute (Washington, DC).
“The goal of the current study is to determine if participation in mental health court reduces subsequent criminal justice involvement--namely, recidivism as measured by new arrests and new convictions” (p. 2). The report is a measure that other agencies can use in determining the effectiveness of their own mental health court programs. Six chapters comprise this work: study context and literature review; evaluation design and methods; Bronx and Brooklyn Mental Health Court programs and business... Read More
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202 pages
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2012
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Deterrence and the Death Penalty
By Nagin, Daniel S., editor; Pepper, John V., editor.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); Tides Foundation (San Francisco, CA); Proteus Action League (Amherst, MA).
The impact of capital punishment on the homicide rate is examined. Chapters following a summary are: introduction to the current debate; capital punishment in the post-Gregg era—the 1976 Supreme Court decision to end the moratorium on executions; determining the deterrent effect of capital punishment—key issues—concepts of deterrence, sanction regimes, data issues, variations in murder rates, reciprocal effects between homicide rates and sanction regimes; panel studies reviewed—the studies, char... Read More
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145 pages
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2012
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Exploring the Role of the Police in Prisoner Reentry
By Travis, Jeremy; Davis, Ronald; Lawrence, Sarah.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Harvard Kennedy School. Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management (Cambridge, MA); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“This paper is organized around two key elements. The first sets forth the basic parameters of the present-day reentry phenomenon in America, with a particular focus on two dimensions that intersect with the work of urban police departments: high recidivism rates and the concentration of returning prisoners in a few neighborhoods. The second explores two rationales for police involvement in prisoner reentry efforts: the promotion of public safety and the promotion of the legitimacy of the police... Read More
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24 pages
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2012
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Through the Wall Standoff Detection Tracking of Individuals: NIJ RRA Final Report
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
AKELA (Santa Barbara, CA).
All correctional agencies should be aware of this emerging technology. “AKELA Inc. [has] developed a sense-through-the-wall (STTW) standoff radar imaging system for law enforcement use. The underlying technology of the imaging system is a multiple antenna, continuous wave, frequency stepping radar in a portable case that can be positioned at standoff distances of up to 30 m away from a building of interest. Radar information is processed in real time on a laptop computer to allow detection and t... Read More
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70 pages
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2012
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Evaluating a Presumptive Drug Testing Technology in Community Corrections Settings
By Uchida, Craig D.; Aoyagi, Gordon A.; Waugh, W. Riley; Flower, Shawn; Solomon, Shellie E.; Mash, Jonathan.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Justice & Security Strategies, Inc. (JSS) (Silver Spring, MD).
The effectiveness of a presumptive drug detection technology (PDDT), developed by Mistral Security Incorporated (MSI), in community correctional settings is evaluated. This PDDT “involved the use of aerosol sprays which were used with specialized paper that react with trace elements of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and marijuana. Basically, the specialized paper is swiped onto a surface (desk, chair, or any item) or a person (hands, arms, etc.) and then the paper is sprayed with the aerosol... Read More
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58 pages
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2012
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Implementation of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Practitioner Evaluation Toolkit: Final Report
By Campbell, Rebecca; Townsend, Stephanie; Bybee, Deborah; Shaw, Jessica L.; Markowitz, Jennifer.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“To address the under-reporting and under-prosecution of adult sexual assaults, communities throughout the United States have implemented multidisciplinary interventions to improve post-assault care for victims and the criminal justice system response. One such model is the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program whereby specially trained nurses provide comprehensive psychological, medical, and forensic services for sexual assault … The purpose of the SANE Practitioner Evaluation Toolkit wa... Read More
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145 pages
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2012
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A Primer on Body-Worn Cameras for Law Enforcement
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
ManTech Advanced Systems International, Inc. (Fairmont, WV); U.S. Dept. of Justice. National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) (Washington, DC).
“The field deployment of body-worn camera systems (BWCs) by law enforcement practitioners (e.g., patrol, corrections, SWAT and other tactical responders) offers significant advantages in keeping officers safe, enabling situational awareness and providing evidence for trial … To mitigate the lack of procedural or technical standards, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Sensor, Surveillance, and Biometric Technologies (SSBT) Center of Excellence (CoE) has prepared a primer to aid in the use of... Read More
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19 pages
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2011
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Advanced Behavior Recognition in Crowded Environments: Final Report
By Chang, Ming-Ching; Ge, Weina; Krahnstoever, Nils; Yu, Ting; Lim, Ser Nam; Liu, Xiaoming.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
GE Global Research. Sensor Surveillance Program (Niskayuna, NY).
“This document is the final report for the NIJ research program “Advanced Behavior Recognition in Crowded Environments”. The goal of this program is to increase the situational awareness in law-enforcement and correctional settings and reliably detect and prevent activities indicative of disorderly conduct and criminal behavior. Examples include fights, riots, the formation of drug markets, and gang activities. A particular emphasis of this program is to develop robust probabilistic event modeli... Read More
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218 pages
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2011
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Enhancing Supervision and Support for Released Prisoners: A Documentation and Evaluation of the Community Supervision Mapping System
By Lucht, Jim; La Vigne, Nancy G.; Denver, Megan.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Providence Plan (ProvPlan) (Providence, RI); Urban Institute. Justice Policy Center (Washington, DC).
The “Community Supervision Mapping System (CSMS), an online tool that enables users to map the formerly incarcerated and others on probation, along with related data such as service provider locations and police districts” is described (p. v). Agencies looking to design and implement such a system should read this article. It will provide you with valuable information for getting your project off the ground. Sections of this report following an executive summary include: introduction; concept an... Read More
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121 pages
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2011
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Evaluation of a Situational Crime Prevention Approach in Three Jails: The Jail Sexual Assault Prevention Project
By La Vigne, Nancy G.; Debus-Sherrill, Sara; Brazzell, Diana; Downey, P. Mitchell.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Urban Institute. Justice Policy Center (Washington, DC).
The application of violence reduction strategies based on situational crime prevention theory (SCP) in three jails is assessed. The impact and associated costs of interventions involving an officer tour system, a recording camera system, and a crisis intervention training program are evaluated. Each of the three case studies presents the following information—site description, data collection, selection and implementation of the intervention, analyses, findings from the preliminary research, sel... Read More
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331 pages
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2011
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Unobtrusive Suicide Warning System, Final Technical Report
By Ashe, Jeffrey M.; Ganesh, Meena; Yu, Lijie; Graichen, Catherine; Welles, Ken; Platt, Bill; Chen, Joy.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
General Electric Global Research (Niskayuna, NY).
This report should be required reading for the corrections field since inmate suicide continues to be a problem in correctional facilities. “GE Global Research has developed an unobtrusive, Doppler radar-based sensor system that will indicate a suicide attempt in-progress by observing and interpreting motion related to heartbeat, breathing, and limb movement. This non-contact monitoring device can detect, interpret, and relay information about strong and sudden changes in physiology associated w... Read More
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151 pages
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2011
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Re-entry: Dynamic Risk Assessment
By Morgan, Robert D.; Kroner, Daryl G.; Mills, Jeremy F..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This study aims to examine the dynamic predictors of post-release outcomes for parolees reentering the community. Sections of this report following an abstract are: executive summary; technical report—introduction, methods, and results; and conclusions. “Most notably, in this study changes in offenders dynamic functioning was not associated with changes in community outcomes. That is, measuring change in offenders functioning using rated measures did not increase our ability to predict community... Read More
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129 pages
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2011
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The Prison Experience and Reentry: Examining the Impact of Victimization on Coming Home
By Listwan, Shelley Johnson; Hanley, Dena; Colvin, Mark.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The impact of prison victimization on how an offender behaves when released back into the community is examined. Sections following an abstract include: executive summary; introduction; review of the relevant literature; methodology; results for design and sample selection, prison victimization data, characteristics of selected victimization incidents, and re-entry outcomes; conclusion; and implications for policy and practice. A few of the observations made from the research are: about 58% of t... Read More
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175 pages
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2011
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Final Report on Sex Offenders: Recidivism and Collateral Consequences
By Tewksbury, Richard; Jennings, Wesley G.; Zgoba, Kristen.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The impact of sex offender registration and notification (SORN) on sex offender recidivism and collateral consequences is investigated. This analysis is based on the results of two studies. “The first study examines the recidivism rates of two samples of sex offenders, those released prior to SORN and a sample released under SORN in New Jersey. It asks whether or not there are distinct risk profiles among sex offenders with regard to their recidivism trajectories, and if these profiles are simi... Read More
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93 pages
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2011
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Special Panel Review of Excited Delirium
By Hughes, Edward L., editor.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Pennsylvania State University. Weapons and Protective Systems Technologies Center (WPSTC). Special Panel Review of Excited Delirium (University Park, PA).
These proceedings are about Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS) and strategies for addressing it. Law enforcement and medical professionals should be aware of ExDS and the ways it could impact their interactions with afflicted individuals. “The purpose of the meeting was to examine the phenomenon of “excited delirium” and its association with the use-of-force in general and the use of CEDs [conducted energy in particular. Additionally, the panel was to review, discuss, and examine related medical a... Read More
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50 pages
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2011
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Outcomes of a Randomized Trial of an Intensive Community Corrections Program – Day Reporting Centers – For Parolees
By Boyle, Douglas J.; Ragusa, Laura; Lanterman, Jennifer; Marcus, Andrea.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ). Violence Institute of New Jersey (Piscataway, NJ).
“The present study is an experimental evaluation of the relative effectiveness of an intensive community corrections program, often referred to as a Day Reporting Center (DRC), versus an intensive supervision parole condition (Phase I)” (p. 3). Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; prior research; the present study; program descriptions; method; results differentiating between males and females according to completion, arrests for new offenses only and convictions for ne... Read More
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43 pages
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2011
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A Model of Static and Dynamic Sex Offender Risk Assessment
By McGrath, Robert J.; Lasher, Michael P.; Cumming, Georgia F..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Vermont Dept. of Corrections (Waterbury, VT).
The ability for a combination of static and dynamic measures to successfully predict sexual recidivism among male sex offenders is investigated. The contents of this study following an abstract includes: executive summary; introduction; methods; results according to static risk assessment instrument analysis, dynamic risk assessment instrument analysis, and combined static and dynamic risk assessment instrument analysis; and conclusions. “A logistical regression model that combined SOTIPS [Sex O... Read More
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96 pages
|
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2011
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Final Technical Report: Neighborhoods, Recidivism, and Employment Among Returning Prisoners
By Morenoff, Jeffrey D.; Harding, David J..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The impact of the community in which an offender resides on that individual’s potential for recidivism and employment is investigated. Sections following an abstract include: executive summary; introduction; research design and data collection; results according to frequency and timing of recidivism, neighborhoods and recidivism, and neighborhoods and employment; and conclusion. It appears that “neighborhood context predicted both the recidivism and labor market outcomes of former prisoners” (p.... Read More
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132 pages
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2011
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Faith-Based Corrections and Reentry Programs: Advancing a Conceptual Framework for Research and Evaluation
By Willison, Janeen Buck; Brazzell, Diana; Kim, KiDeuk.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Urban Institute. Justice Policy Center (Washington, DC).
Answers to questions regarding what a faith-based program is and how “faith” operates in that program are sought. This report is useful to those individuals tasked with classifying a program as faith-based and eventually evaluating that program. Findings are given for: description of the sample--respondent and program backgrounds; program operations--target population, caseload characteristics, eligibility criteria, and referral sources; operational capacity—staffing and funding; and faith and s... Read More
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77 pages
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2011
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The Shift Length Experiment: What We Know About 8-, 10-, and 12-Hour Shifts in Policing
By Amendola, Karen L.; Weisburd, David; Hamilton, Edwin E.; Jones, Greg; Slipka, Meghan; Heitman, Anneke; Shane, Jon; Ortiz, Christopher; Tarkghen, Eliab.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Police Foundation (Washington, DC).
This report is necessary reading for any agency looking to change from an 8-hour schedule to either a 10- or 12-hour schedule due in part to achieve reduced budgets. Results are reported for: significant findings--quality of work life (QWL), sleep amount, sleepiness/fatigue (subjective), alertness, and overtime worked; and non-significant findings—work performance and safety, health and stress, quality of personal life, sleep quality, fatigue (objective), and sleep disorder, and off-duty employm... Read More
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62 pages
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2011
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The Impact of Shift Length in Policing on Performance, Health, Quality of Life, Sleep, Fatigue, and Extra-Duty Employment
By Amendola, Karen L.; Weisburd, David; Hamilton, Edwin E.; Jones, Greg; Slipka, Meghan; Heitman, Anneke; Shane, Jon; Ortiz, Christopher; Tarkghen, Eliab.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Police Foundation (Washington, DC).
“Because there are significant policy implications associated with compressed workweeks in law enforcement, there is a great need for an examination of both current national practices with regard to CWWs [compressed workweeks] in law enforcement, as well as the impact of such schedules on performance and safety, health, quality of life, sleep, fatigue, and extra-duty employment (i.e., overtime and off-duty work). In this report, we aim to address this gap by providing both the results of the fir... Read More
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201 pages
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2011
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The Effect of TASER on Cardiac, Respiratory and Metabolic Physiology in Human Subjects
By Vilke, Gary m.; Chan, Theodore C.; Sloane, Christian; Neuman, Tom; Castillo, Edward M.; Kolkhorst, Fred.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This study investigated what happens after healthy law enforcement officers were shot by a TASER while at rest and after vigorous exercise. Results are reported for vital signs, effects on respiratory and ventilator function, effects on blood parameters, and effects on 12 lead ECG. “A 5 s[econd] exposure of a TASER X-26 to healthy law enforcement personnel either at rest or following vigorous exercise does not result in clinically significant changes of markers physiological stress” (p. 4).... Read More
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29 pages
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2011
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Respiratory and Cardiovascular Response During Electronic Control Device (ECD) Exposure in Law Enforcement Trainees
By VanMeenen, Kirsten M.; Lavietes, Marc H.; Cherniack, Neil S.; Bergen, Michael T.; Teichman, Ronald; Servatius, Richard J..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Results are presented from the first study to look at what happens when law enforcement trainees inhale while being exposed to electronic control devices (ECDs). Findings cover volitional breathing, inspiratory and expiratory volumes, and heart rate. “In contrast to reports suggesting respiration is unaffected by ECDs, present evidence suggests that voluntary inspiration is severely compromised. [Normal breathing patterns ceased.] There is no evidence of cardiac disruption during-ECD exposure” (... Read More
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33 pages
|
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2011
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Greening Corrections Technology Guidebook
By Sheldon, Paul M.; Atherton, Eugene.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC). Correctional Technology Center of Excellence (CoE) (Rockville, MD).
“The guidebook provides correctional administrators with a brief, yet comprehensive and informative, view of sustainability-oriented green technologies” (p. 6). Seven chapters follow an executive summary and introduction: integrating technology and people; lighting; HVAC systems; plug-in appliances (including pumps and motors); materials flow (including recycling and toxics); water; and energy (including transportation). Appendixes provide information about financing mechanisms and a case study ... Read More
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59 pages
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2010
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Behind Bars II: Substance Abuse and America’s Prison Population
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Columbia University. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (New York, NY).
This report “constitutes the most exhaustive analysis ever undertaken to identify the extent to which alcohol and other drugs are implicated in the crimes and incarceration of America’s prison population” (p.i). Any individual interested in this issue or working with inmates who abused substances prior to incarceration should read this document. Chapters contained in this report are: introduction and executive summary; substance-involved inmates on the rise; arrests, convictions, sentencing, and... Read More
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144 p.
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2010
|
Alternatives to Custodial Supervision: The Day Fine
By Zedlewski, Edwin W..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This report is a great resource for the setting up of a day fine (an income-calibrated fine that the offender pays) criminal sanction process in your jurisdiction. This sanction is used instead of the far more costly direct supervision sentence that the taxpayer has to support. Sections of this paper include: introduction; introducing day fines in the criminal justice system; advantages of day fines; calculating day fines; descriptions of day fine systems; U.S. efforts to incorporate day fines; ... Read More
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12 p.
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2010
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A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Electronic Monitoring
By Blaes, William; Mann, Karen; Blomberg, Thomas; Gaes, Gerry; Barrick, Kellie; Dhungana, Karla; McManus, Brian.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Agencies using or looking into utilizing home detection will find this report interesting. This report presents the findings of home detection’s impact on offender flight, violations of probation, commission of new crimes, personal relationships, families, employment, and community reintegration. Sections following an abstract and executive summary include: introduction; review of the literature; electronic monitoring in Florida; a quantitative assessment; a qualitative assessment; and policy im... Read More
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190 p.
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2010
|
Tracking Inmates and Locating Staff with Active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): Early Lessons Learned in One U.S. Correctional Facility
By Hickman, Laura J.; Davis, Lois M.; Wells, Edward; Eisman, Mel.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
RAND Corp. Safety and Justice Program (Santa Monica, CA).
The use of active radio-frequency identification (RFID) to strengthen a correctional agency’s operations and safety is investigated. Four chapters are contained in this report: introduction; expectations for the use of an active RFID system; case study of the early implementation of active RFID in one facility; and summary and conclusions. While RFID appears to be promising in regards to ensuring safety in a correctional setting, “as with any new technology, there are factors that need to be con... Read More
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33 p.
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2010
|
Potential of Redemption in Criminal Background Checks
By Blumstein, Alfred; Nakamura, Kiminori.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
While this is a fairly statistical driven study, it is one of the few that takes a close look at criminal background checks and their negative impact on employment. The authors intend “to provide guidance on the possibility of “redemption,” (which [they] define as the process of lifting the burden of the prior record), and to provide guidance on how one may estimate when such redemption is appropriate” (p. 2). Before a detailed analysis of this study’s data, an introduction covers the prevalence... Read More
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58 pages
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2010
|
One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation
By O'Keefe, Maureen L.; Klebe, Kelli J.; Stucker, Alysha; Sturm, Kristin; Leggett, William.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Colorado Dept. of Corrections (Colorado Springs, CO).
The impact of long-term administrative segregation (AS) on mentally ill offenders is examined. In particular, this study looked at which psychological domains are affected by long-term AS, the differential impact of AS on the mentally ill, and a comparison of psychological and behavioral symptoms of offenders in AS versus those in a general prison setting and a psychiatric care prison. Mentally ill offenders “did not deteriorate over time in AS at a rate more rapid and more extreme than for thos... Read More
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164 pages
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2010
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Sex Offender Registration and Notification Policies for Reducing Sexual Violence against Women
By Letourneau, Elizabeth J.; Levenson, Jill S.; Bandyopadhyay, Dipankar; Sinha, Debajyoti; Armstrong, Kevin S..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) (aaa).
The extent to which sex offender registration and notification laws in South Carolina reduce the recidivism of sex offenders in that state is investigated. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; methodology of the current study; procedures and findings specific to each aim—prevention (general deterrence) of sexual violence, specific deterrence of sexual recidivism, unintended effects on judicial decision making doe sex crime cases, and association between registration vi... Read More
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77 pages
|
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2009
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Comparing Safety Outcomes in Police Use-Of-Force Cases for Law Enforcement Agencies That Have Deployed Conducted Energy Devices and A Matched Comparison Group That Have Not: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation
By Taylor, Bruce; Woods, Daniel; Kubu, Bruce; Koper, Chris; Tegeler, Bill; Cheney, Jason; Martinez, Mary; Cronin, James; Kappelman, Kristin.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) (Washington, DC).
The use of Conducted Energy Devices (CED) by law enforcement agencies (LEAs) is examined in order to produce practical information that can be used to develop guidelines for the effective and safe utilization of CEDs. Five chapters follow an executive summary—introduction, literature review, research design and methods, study results, and discussion and conclusion. “Overall, we found that the CED sites were associated with improved safety outcomes when compared to a group of matched non-CED site... Read More
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101 pages
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2009
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Evaluating the Use of Radio Frequency Identification Device Technology to Prevent and Investigate Sexual Assault and Related Acts of Violence in a Women’s Prison
By La Vigne, Nancy; Halberstadt, Robin; Parthasarathy, Barbara.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Urban Institute. Jutice Policy Center (Washington, DC).
The ability of a radio frequency device technology (RFID) system to curtail prohibited behaviors such as sexual assault, consensual sex, or violence is investigated. Sections following an executive summary are: introduction; background; research design and methods; process evaluation—RFID implementation and system design, operational and maintenance challenges, RFID training, correctional staff use of RFID technology, and RFID in investigations; impact analysis; inmate perceptions of RFID techn... Read More
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86 pages
|
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2009
|
Past, Present, and Future of Juvenile Justice: Assessing the Policy Options (APO): Final Report
By Willison, Janeen Buck; Mears, Daniel P.; Shollenberger, Tracey; Owens, Colleen; Butts, Jeffrey A..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Urban Institute (Washington, DC).
This study aims to “provide policymakers, administrators, and practitioners with actionable information about how to improve the operations and effectiveness of the juvenile justice system, and to examine the role practitioners could play in constructing sound juvenile justice policy” ( p. 1). Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; study design and methods; survey findings regarding sample description, practitioner views of juvenile justice needs and priorities, practitio... Read More
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139 pages
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2009
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Risk Markers for Sexual Predation and Victimization in Prison [Executive Summary]
By Warren, Janet I; Jackson, Shelly L.; Loper, Ann Booker; Burnette, Mandi L..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This study investigated the application of “empirically validated static and dynamic risk ma[r]kers for violence in the community to sexual predation and victimization in prisons” (p.2). Twelve chapters follow and abstract and executive summary: an introduction to the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) and the study; methodology; the sexual behavior of incarcerated men and women; early life markers for sexual predation and victimization; violence and criminality as risk markers; sex risk markers... Read More
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41 p. [Exec Sum]|352 p. [Total]
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2009
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The Judicial Oversight Demonstration: Culminating Report on the Evaluation
By Harrell, Adele; Visher, Christy; Newmark, Lisa; Yahner, Jennifer.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
An overview is provided of the findings from the final evaluation of the Judicial Oversight Demonstration (JOD) project "designed to test the feasibility and impact of a coordinated response to intimate partner violence (IPV)" (p. ii). Sections of this report include: about this report; the JOD initiative; the evaluation of JOD; key findings on the impact of JOD; victim services and well-being; offender accountability and perceptions; revictimization; lessons on JOD implementation; lessons from... Read More
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2009
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A Study of Substance-Free Transitional Housing and Community Corrections in Washington County, Oregon
By Worcel, Sonia D.; Burrus, Scott. W.M.; Finigan, Michael W..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
NPC Research, Inc. (Portland, OR).
Results are supplied from an evaluation of the provision of substance-free transition housing to offenders by the Washington County Community Correction Department. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; methodology; results according to sample characteristics, what the value of Oxford House and other is added, and what the relative costs and benefits of substance-free transitional services are to the taxpayer; and discussion.... Read More
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54 p.
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2009
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Final Report: Long-Term Consequences of Delinquency: Child Maltreatment and Crime in Early Adulthood
By Colman, Rebecca A.; Kim, Do Han; Mitchell-Herzfeld, Susan; Shady, Therese A..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
New York State Office of Children and Family Services (Albany, NY).
The impact of delinquency on a youth's future commission of crime or child abuse is examined. This report includes these sections: executive summary; introduction; literature review; methods; analyses plan; key research findings for adult crime, adult arrest trajectories, adult perpetration of child maltreatment, adult perpetration trajectories, and early predictors; study limitations; practice recommendations; and recommendations for future research. "Race, offense history, childhood mistreatm... Read More
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128 p.
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2009
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Prevalence of Serious Mental Illness Among Jail Inmates
By Steadman, Henry J.; Osher, Fred C.; Robbins, Pamela Clark; Case, Brian; Samuels, Steven.
Council of State Governments (Lexington, KY); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The current rates of mental illness among inmates in five jails (two in Maryland and three in New York) are investigated. There are 13.5% male and 31.0% female inmates with serious mental illness. While "[t]here is broad consensus that jails are not the optimal settings to provide acute psychiatric treatment . . . the substantial presence of individuals with serious mental illnesses in our country's jails . . . calls for a clearer explication of the contributing factors and discussion of appropr... Read More
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5 p.
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2009
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The Effects of a Short-Term Batterer Treatment Program for Detained Arrestees: A Randomized Experiment in the Sacramento County, California Jail
By Taylor, Bruce G,; Maxwell, Christopher D..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“This study evaluates the effects of an early intervention program to provide DV [domestic violence] education for DV arrestees on reducing repeat DV through a true experimental design (p. 3). Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; batterer treatment research literature search; description of the treatment used in this study and the fidelity of the intervention; methods; data analysis; results according to batterer-based accounts of DV recidivism results, victim-based acc... Read More
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65 p.
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2009
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Delays in Youth Justice: Research Report Submitted to the National Institute of Justice
By Butts, Jeffrey A.; Cusick, Gretchen Ruth; Adams, Benjamin.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
“This report summarizes the findings of a large-scale research project on processing delays in youth justice systems across the United States” (p. ii). Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; history of court delay; causes and effects of delayed justice; controlling court delay; controlling juvenile court delay; recent trends in delinquency case processing time; delay reduction efforts in three juvenile courts; and conclusion.... Read More
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87 p.
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2009
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Investigating Prison Reentry: The Impact of Conviction Status on the Employment Prospects of Young Men
By Pager, Devah; Western, Bruce.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The relationship between the reentry of ex-prisoners into the community and their ability to find employment is examined. Sections following an abstract are: introduction; Stage 1—hiring experiment; and Stage 2—an employer’s perspective. These articles are appended to this report: “Sequencing Disadvantages: Barriers to Employment Facing Young Black and White Men with Criminal Records” by Devah Pager, Bruce Western, and Naomi Sugie; “Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment” ... Read More
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136 p.
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2009
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Poly-Victimization Among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System: Manifestations & Associations to Delinquency
By DeHart, Dana D..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
University of South Carolina. Center for Child and Family Studies (Columbia, SC).
The poli-victimization, the simultaneous experience of several different types of victimization in separate incidents, of juvenile girls is examined. Results are presented for: participants; girls’ experiences of victimization and adversity; girls’ crime and delinquency; and association of victimization and adversity to crime and delinquency. “Of the five major categories of victimization [caregiver, gang, dating, sexual, and witnessing], witnessing violence demonstrated the most consistent asso... Read More
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52 p.
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2009
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A National Portrait of Domestic Violence Courts
By Labriola, Melissa; Bradley, Sarah; O'Sullivan, Chris S.; Rempel, Michael; Moore, Samantha.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Center for Court Innovation (New York, NY).
This report should be required reading for anyone interested in or developing a domestic violence court. Eleven chapters follow an executive summary: introduction; review of relevant research; research design; domestic violence court goals; history, structure, and staffing; case processing laws and policies; victim safety and services; offender assessments and program mandates; supervision and court responses to noncompliance; additional insights from qualitative analysis; and conclusion and imp... Read More
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161 p.
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2007
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Terrorist Recruitment in American Correctional Institutions: An Exploratory Study of Non-Traditional Faith Groups
By Hamm, Mark S..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The relationship between religious conversion in correctional facilities and terrorist recruitment (radicalization) is examined. Five chapters follow an executive summary: religious conversion and prisoner radicalization; methods and context; religious conversion in prison -- crisis converts, protection-seekers, the searchers, manipulating converts, free-world recruited converts, and the influence of chaplains; the terrorist threat; and conclusions and recommendations. "The study's main conclus... Read More
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128 p.
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2006
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Correctional Industries Preparing Inmates for Re-Entry: Recidivism & Post-Release
By Smith, Cindy J.; Bechtel, Jennifer; Patrick, Angie; Smith, Richard R.; Wilson-Gentry, Laura.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
"This report summarizes the first national review of the recidivism and post-release effects of the Prison Industries Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP) engaging state prison inmates in private sector jobs since 1979" (p. 6). Sections following an executive summary are: abstract; introduction; methods; key findings and discussion regarding how PIECP participation increases post-release employment and reduces recidivism; and policy recommendations.... Read More
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86 p.
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1999
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Washington State's Corrections Clearinghouse: A Comprehensive Approach to Offender Employment
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The Corrections Clearinghouse (CCH) provides a wide range of services to prison inmates. Direct services include vocational assessments, job preparation training, and employment assistance. CCH also provides brokering and coordination services. While CCH's mission includes the provision of services to prisons, it also works with juvenile facilities and promotes jail employment skills training. Eighty percent of CCH enrollees completed programs. Of Ex-Offender Work Orientation (Ex-O) Program pa... Read More
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20 p.
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1998
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Successful Job Placement for Ex-Offenders: The Center for Employment Opportunities
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) in New York City provides newly released offenders, primarily boot camp releasees, with a program designed to ease their reintegration into society. This "Program Focus" describes the transition from work crew participation to job placement interview, to permanent employment, to follow-up services. Responsibilities of the CEO staff, its relationship with the community, its success rate, and testimonials from CEO participants are included. ... Read More
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19 p.
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1998
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Texas' Project RIO (Re-Integration of Offenders)
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Providing job preparation services to inmates while they are still incarcerated in state prisons, Project RIO also provides job placement services to parolees in every county in Texas. According to a 1992 independent evaluation, a large percentage of RIO participants found employment, and only 23 percent of high-risk participants returned to prison compared with 38 percent of non-RIO parolees. ... Read More
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19 p.
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1998
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Chicago's Safer Foundation: A Road Back for Ex-Offenders
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The Safer Foundation helps ex-offenders find and hold jobs, and has expanded its focus to provide basic education, life skills training, support for solving social problems, and followup services after placement.
Its Programmed Activities for Correctional Education (PACE) Institute provides detainees and inmates in Chicago's Cook County Jail with basic education and life skills courses and some one-on-one tutoring.
Its Crossroads Community Correctional Center, Illinois' largest work rele... Read More
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19 p.
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1998
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The Delaware Department of Correction Life Skills Program
By Finn, Peter.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Education. Office of Correctional Ed.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This Program Focus profiles a 4-month state program for incarcerated men and women which includes academics, violence reduction, and applied life skills and incorporates a Moral Reconation Therapy approach. It addresses issues in staffing and program development, describes program costs, and provides vignettes of participants' experiences during and after the program. ... Read More
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19 p.
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1994
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Concept Paper for a National Forum on Creating Jail Mental Health Systems, San Francisco, CA, November 9-10, 1994
National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Policy Research Associates (Delmar, NY); U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Center for Mental Health Services (Washington, DC).
This concept paper examines mentally ill offenders and their special needs that must be addressed when they come in contact with the criminal justice system.
The various points of contact are with police, jails/lockups, prisons, probation and parole, and diversion programs. Some principles for successful mental health services and prospects for federal initiatives are discussed.
Finally, there is a section describing the Center for Mental Health Services program which illustrates the hom... Read More
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96 p.
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1987
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Building on Experience: A Case Study of Advanced Construction and Financing Methods for Corrections
By Dewitt, Charles B..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC ).
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70 p.
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