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2012
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Documentary disenfranchisement is the “permanent enforcement of nominally temporary voting bans … accomplished through election officials’ demands for nonexistent eligibility documents from people with criminal convictions” (p. 391). Individuals work... Read More
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2011
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“This Article argues that despite these important contributions, the Jim Crow analogy leads to a distorted view of mass incarceration” (p. 1). Eight parts are contained in this publication: a brief history of the “New Jim Crow”; the value of the Jim ... Read More
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2011
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Anyone worried about the state of education in the United States needs to read this report. A “policy agenda that will financially prioritize investments in education over incarceration, provide equal protection under the law, eliminate sentencing po... Read More
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2011
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This is essential reading for anyone interested in the pervasive problems of sentencing disparity in the United States. The three major themes running through this book are: changing public perceptions of race, crime, and punishment; alternative visi... Read More
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2011
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The influence of disproportionate incarceration on public safety, the offenders themselves, and local communities is examined. Sections of this article include: overview of racial disparity In the criminal justice system—crime and arrest rates; racia... Read More
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2010
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“Plaintiffs, minority citizens of Washington state who have lost their right to vote pursuant to the state’s felon disenfranchisement provision, filed this action in 1996 challenging that provision on the ground that, due to racial discrimination in ... Read More
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2010
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The negative influence of a segregated society on its criminal justice system, in particular incarceration, is explained. This chapter is divided into the following sections: the development of mass incarceration; segregation and the growing prison s... Read More
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2010
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“Policymakers, practitioners, and advocates” will find “information, analysis, and commentary…crucial for understand[ing] racial disparities so they can be addressed, and make the criminal justice [and juvenile justice] system[s] more fair and effect... Read More
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2010
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Analysis of one state or comparisons of other states’ responses to disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in their juvenile justice systems is made available at this website.... Read More
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2010
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This report explains how counting inmates as citizens of the area the facility resides for the census, gerrymandering, “artificially inflates the population count—and thus, the political influence—of the districts where prison and jails are located [... Read More
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2010
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Those individuals working to reduce the disproportionate minority contact of juvenile offenders in their agencies will find the experiences of the states of Iowa and Virginia helpful. Sections following an executive summary include: background; asses... Read More
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2010
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Anyone interested in issues related the death penalty should read this article. Sections following an abstract are: blacks are disproportionately impacted by federal death penalty prosecution, especially in counties demographically different from sur... Read More
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2010
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The author explains why “the use of risk-assessment tools to decrease prison populations, first, will unquestionably aggravate the already intolerable racial imbalance in our prison populations (at least in the United States) and second, will not add... Read More
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2010
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The existence of the “separate but unequal” federal criminal justice system that violates the Equal Protection rights of Native Americans in Indian Country is discussed. These sections follow an abstract: the Major Crimes Act (MCA)—federal band-aid t... Read More
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2010
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The impact of the loss of certain rights upon an individual’s release from incarceration is examined. “These consequences include ineligibility for public and government-assisted housing, public benefits, and various forms of employment, as well as c... Read More
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2009
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Issues surrounding the revocation of probation or parole in Wisconsin are investigated. Sections contained in this report are: best practices review (overview); aggregate analysis of historical revocation data; case-level abstraction of random sampl... Read More
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2009
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The ability of the Peoria County Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Project to utilize a "data template that enables local jurisdictions to strategically gather data to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in their juvenile justice systems" is e... Read More
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2009
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"This report challenges the supposition that all life sentences are necessary to keep the public safe, compared to a term of fewer years" (p. 3). Sections contained in this report are: introduction; growth in life sentences; individuals serving life... Read More
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2009
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"This Essay uses the tremendous racial disparities in the American crime control systems to assess race and racism as key features of contemporary society [and] . . . [argues] for a renewed focus on racism, in particular on 'post-racial racism'" (p. ... Read More
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2009
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The author's intent is "to explain why statistical studies concerning race bias in capital selection have limitations as proof but also strong suggestive power that some death sentences amount to 'cruel and unusual punishments'" (p. 1). Sections of t... Read More
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2009
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This manual “provide[s] the field with up-to-date guidance on continuing DMC [disproportionate minority contact] reduction efforts across the country” (p. Intro-4). Eight chapters comprise this publication: identification and monitoring; assessment... Read More
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2009
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This testimony addresses the “profound impact of disproportionate rates of incarceration in communities of color” (p. 1). Topics covered include: causes of racial disparity—disproportionate crime rates, disparities in criminal justice processing, ove... Read More
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2009
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Documents are provided from the symposium “The Overrepresentation of Children of Color in America’s Juvenile Justice System and Child Welfare Systems.” “The symposium was designed to illuminate the work of juvenile justice and child welfare systems i... Read More
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2009
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"This report examines the ethnic, racial and citizenship status of sentenced offenders in federal courts" (p. ii). Sections of this report following an executive summary include: changing demographics of sentenced federal offenders; offense convicti... Read More
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2009
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The overrepresentation of minorities in the criminal justice system due to the "war on drugs" in the U.S. is established. This report contains these sections: overview; methodology; drug arrests for the U.S. overall from 1980-2007; drug arrests by s... Read More
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2009
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The prevalence of disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in the U.S. is assessed. Sections comprising this report are: introduction; methodology; arrests; court processing -- pretrial decisions, convictions, and sentencing; new admissions to prison... Read More
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2009
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Serious problems with the use of drug courts and the use of restorative justice to fix them are recounted. This report has these sections: introduction; racial disparities in the war on drugs -- magnitude and nature of the problem; why drug treatmen... Read More
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2009
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Factors behind the changes in drug offense convictions from 1999 to 2005, a 21.6% decrease for African-Americans and a 42.6% increase for whites, are investigated. Sections of this report are: overview; changing racial dynamics of incarceration for ... Read More
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2009
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The abolishment of the death penalty in New Jersey is described. This paper is divided into seven parts: introduction; treating like cases alike -- proportionality review; reflections on proportionality review; courts, legislators, and the citizenry... Read More
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2009
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Issues related to the disproportionate representation of minorities in juvenile justice systems are addressed. This brief contains the following sections: introduction; explanations for disproportionate minority contact -- jurisdiction, law enforcem... Read More
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2009
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The treatment of Latino youth by the criminal justice system is examined. This report includes these sections: overview; disparities and structural racism; Latinos invisible in the Black-White paradigm; demographics; immigrants, crime, and racial and... Read More
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2009
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“A Racial Equity Impact Assessment (REIA) is a systematic examination of how different racial and ethnic groups will likely be affected by a proposed action or decision.” This toolkit will introduce you to the issue of and process for developing a RE... Read More
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2009
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The need for and use of racial impact statements to reduce disproportionate rates of incarceration are explained. This article contains these sections: reports that offer hard numbers; scope of racial impact statements; preparation; policy implementa... Read More
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2009
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Problems with reducing disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) in local juvenile justice systems are described along with strategies for addressing minority and ethnic disparities. Topics discussed include: piercing the facade of intractability—a... Read More
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2008
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The overrepresentation of Native American youth in the juvenile justice system is examined. Sections of this report are: Native American youth at key stages of the juvenile justice system; offense type; gender; cumulative impact; factors that influen... Read More
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2008
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This report describes the Commission’s efforts to “determine whether discrimination is built into the criminal justice system” and “recommend strategies and solutions to reduce racial disparity in the Wisconsin criminal justice system” (p. 1). The st... Read More
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2008
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The involvement of African-American youth in the justice system is reviewed. Eight sections are contained in this report: overview; demographics; risk and protective factors; criminal activity reported by African-American youth; disparities in the j... Read More
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2008
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2008
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The "prison life expectancy . . . [the] exposure to imprisonment by gender and race at the population level" is determined. This short article has these sections: abstract; introduction; methods; results; and discussion. African-American males on av... Read More
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2008
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“This report presents a vision of an integrated approach to justice reform -- an approach that utilizes multi-disciplinary collaboration to share perspective on the issues that fuel the cycle of incarceration, to promote public investments in effecti... Read More
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2008
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Arrest patterns due to the "war on drugs" in 43 of the largest U.S. cities between 1980 and 2003 are examined. Sections comprising this document are: introduction; the birth and expansion of the "war on drugs"; the "war on drugs" in the African Amer... Read More
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2008
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Sentencing disparities, particularly those faced by African Americans, resulting from the "war on drugs" in the U.S., are documented. This report contains the following sections: introduction; recommendations; background -- the war on drugs and the ... Read More
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2008
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The role pre-adjudication detention practices plays in the overrepresentation of minority youth in Massachusetts' secure detention facilities is examined. This report is comprised of these sections: introduction executive summary; background -- the ... Read More
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2008
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The impact of race/ethnicity and community disadvantage on juvenile court outcomes in Arizona is examined. Seven sections follow an executive summary: purpose, goals, and objectives; review of literature; research objectives; research design and met... Read More
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2008
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"The purpose of this manual is to present information on the causes of disparity and to examine what actions can be taken among criminal justice professionals to reduce disparity" (p. 1) Sections of this publication are: introduction; commonly ident... Read More
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2008
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The causes of disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) in juvenile justice systems are examined along with “federal mandates that have largely failed to reduce entrenched racial and ethnic disparities in the modern juvenile justice system” (p. 2).... Read More
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