http://nicic.gov/LibraryThe latest electronic resources added to the online library.This report present statistics regarding the sexual victimization of prison and jail inmates by other inmates or staff. Sections of this publication cover: highlights; National Inmate Survey; incidents of sexual victimizations; facility-level rates; demographic and other characteristics; special inmate populations—inmates ages 16 to 17; special inmate populations—inmates with mental health problems; and special inmate populations—inmates with a non-heterosexual sexual orientation. Some of the key findings include: 4% of prison inmates and 3.2% of jail inmates reported being sexually victimized; 1.8% of juveniles ages 16 to 17 reported being victimized by another inmate, with 3.2% reporting staff sexual misconduct; 6.3% of mentally ill inmates in prison reported sexual victimization by another inmate, with those in jails at 3.6%; and non-heterosexual inmates having the highest sexual victimization rates by another inmate of 12.2% in prison and 8.5% in jail, 5.4% and 4.3% respectively by staff. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC). Authored by Beck, Allen J.; Berzofsky, Marcus; Caspar, Rachel; Krebs, Christopher.http://nicic.gov/Library/027302Fri, 17 May 2013 12:11:07 -0600027302“The following Ten-Point Plan focuses on ways that law and policy makers and criminal justice practitioners can respond effectively and positively to children in conflict with the law by focussing on: prevention, diverting children from the adult justice system, rehabilitation and promoting alternative sanctions to imprisonment. It is based on relevant international instruments” (p. 1). Juvenile justice agencies in the United States, looking to reform their systems, will find some useful strategies in this publication. Descriptions are provided for the following actions: develop and implement a crime prevention strategy for children; collect accurate evidence and data on the administration of criminal justice for children and use this to inform policy reform; increase the age of criminal responsibility; set up a separate criminal justice system for children with trained staff; abolish status offenses; ensure that children have the right to be heard; invest in diverting children from the formal criminal justice system; use detention as a last resort; and develop and implement reintegration and rehabilitation programming. SOURCE: Penal Reform International (PRI) (London, England); Interagency Panel on Juvenile Justice (IPJJ) (Geneva, Switzerland). http://nicic.gov/Library/027091Fri, 17 May 2013 11:39:39 -0600027091“The primary purpose of this Guide is to provide a structure for jurisdictions, juvenile probation or centralized statewide agencies striving to implement risk assessment or to improve their current risk assessment practices. Risk assessment in this Guide refers to the practice of using a structured tool that combines information about youth to classify them as being low, moderate or high risk for reoffending or continued delinquent activity, as well as identifying factors that might reduce that risk on an individual basis. The purpose of such risk assessment tools is to help in making decisions about youths’ placement and supervision, and creating intervention plans that will reduce their level of risk. The recommendations in this Guide are research-based. The Guide is the result of years of research conducted by highly experienced experts in the field” (p. 5). Chapters following an executive summary are: introduction to risk-need-responsivity (RNR) and risk assessment; concepts and terms of risk assessment; and 8 steps in developing and implementing a risk assessment system—getting ready, establishing stakeholder and organizational buy-in, select and prepare the risk assessment tool, preparing policies and essential document for use of the tool in decision-making, training, implement pilot test, full implementation, and on-going tasks for sustainability. SOURCE: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Models for Change (Chicago, IL). Authored by Vincent, Gina M.; Guy, Laura S.; Grisso, Thomas.http://nicic.gov/Library/027092Fri, 17 May 2013 11:38:49 -0600027092“The field deployment of body-worn camera systems (BWCs) by law enforcement practitioners (e.g., patrol, corrections, SWAT and other tactical responders) offers significant advantages in keeping officers safe, enabling situational awareness and providing evidence for trial … To mitigate the lack of procedural or technical standards, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Sensor, Surveillance, and Biometric Technologies (SSBT) Center of Excellence (CoE) has prepared a primer to aid in the use of BWCs in law enforcement. This report provides an introduction to BWCs and highlights issues and factors that law enforcement organizations should consider prior to and during implementation” (p. 1). Sections of this report include: introduction; why to use body-worn cameras; what are the types of body-worn cameras; what are the implementation issues—when to record, when to consider use, policies and procedures, training, and data storage and management; and closing. Appendixes provide a market survey of body-worn cameras, and a list of acronyms and abbreviations. SOURCE: ManTech Advanced Systems International, Inc. (Fairmont, WV); U.S. Dept. of Justice. National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) (Washington, DC). http://nicic.gov/Library/027090Fri, 17 May 2013 11:34:36 -0600027090Best practices and protocols integrating trauma-informed care into domestic violence programs are described. While this manual is designed for domestic violence programs outside of correctional settings, the content can easily be used in institutional and community based programming. Sections contained in this manual are: introduction; understanding trauma; responding to trauma survivors; trauma-informed care best practices; trauma-informed care protocols; and caring for the caregiver—understanding vicarious trauma. Appendixes provide: Trauma-Informed Care Checklist; Trauma-Informed Best Practices; Suggest Best Practices for Child Victims of Domestic Violence; Trauma-Informed Care and Strengths Based Approach; resources; and a case study. SOURCE: Ohio Domestic Violence Network (ODVN) (Columbus, OH). Authored by Ferencik, Sonia D.; Ramirez-Hammond, Rachel.http://nicic.gov/Library/026968Thu, 16 May 2013 12:31:29 -0600026968“The program interviews Dr. Nancy G. La Vigne (http://www.urban.org/bio/NancyGLaVigne.html) Director, Justice Policy Center, The Urban Institute regarding Justice Reinvestment. With state and local governments grappling with growing corrections costs and budget shortfalls, they are asking how they can reduce costs and get a better return on criminal justice investments while maintaining public safety. One answer is Justice Reinvestment, a collaborative, data-driven approach to criminal justice planning that yields savings that can be invested in evidence-based, prevention-oriented activities. Dr. La Vigne describes this complex but compelling model highlighting the experiences of 17 states and 16 localities.” SOURCE: DC Public Safety (Washington, DC); Urban Institute (Washington, DC). Authored by La Vigne, Nancy G..http://nicic.gov/Library/026981Thu, 16 May 2013 12:27:23 -0600026981This is a very good example of an inmate handbook that your agency can find ideas from for creating or revamping your own. Sections cover: getting started—quarantine, classification, and restitution; settling in—counts, inmate appearance, opportunities, living areas, communication with staff, problem solving steps, personal and state property, procedures and rules (guidelines), disciplinary days (good contact time), and Investigations Bureau; services and privileges; available programs—progressive empowerment, educational, vocational training, recreation, sexual offender treatment, and the Family Connections Center; and parole—scheduling, waiver, Notice of Hearing, commencement of parole hearing, witnesses, conclusion of the hearing, reconsideration hearings, criteria for granting and denying parole, and reasons for denial. Appendixes provide: rules—lists of offenses and maximum punishments; copies of forms used during imprisonment; and authorized property list for inmates. Also included is a glossary of terms. SOURCE: New Hampshire Dept. of Corrections (Concord, NH). http://nicic.gov/Library/026980Thu, 16 May 2013 12:27:06 -0600026980This article provides valuable information on why jail staff quit their jobs. It looks at the many factors that can influence high employee turnover in jails. Sections following an abstract include: introduction; literature review; methodology; findings; and discussion and conclusion. 'Based on a multivariate analysis, the most powerful predictors of jail staff turnover intent were job attitudes (i.e., job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment). The findings suggested that administrators should concentrate on improving the work environment to boost employee job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment' (p. 139). Authored by Lambert, Eric; Paoline, Eugene A..http://nicic.gov/Library/026738Wed, 15 May 2013 15:31:52 -0600026738The rates of pretrial release and misconduct in federal courts during 2008 through 2010 are reported. Topics discussed include: pretrial release and detention in the federal criminal justice system; most serious offenses charged against defendants release pretrial; administering federal pretrial services; federal releases versus state releases; type of pretrial release; pretrial conditions imposed on released defendants; length of pretrial detention; past criminal history; age, race, and ethnicity of released individuals; and defendant misconduct by criminal history, age, race, ethnicity, and type of pretrial release. “During fiscal years 2008 through 2010, 36% of the 283,358 defendants in cases disposed in federal district courts were released prior to case adjudication … Nineteen percent of released defendants committed some form of pretrial misconduct, and technical violations accounted for 90% of these pretrial violations” (p. 1). SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC). Authored by Cohen, Thomas H..http://nicic.gov/Library/026983Wed, 15 May 2013 10:48:25 -0600026983“To address the under-reporting and under-prosecution of adult sexual assaults, communities throughout the United States have implemented multidisciplinary interventions to improve post-assault care for victims and the criminal justice system response. One such model is the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program whereby specially trained nurses provide comprehensive psychological, medical, and forensic services for sexual assault … The purpose of the SANE Practitioner Evaluation Toolkit was to teach program staff how to evaluate whether prosecution rates increased in their communities after the implementation of their SANE programs. Developing the evaluation capacity of SANE practitioners is a useful strategy for improving practice because evaluative data can help programs determine whether they are achieving intended positive impacts, and if not, such data can guide system reform efforts” (p. ii). Sections of this report following an executive summary include: purpose, goals, and objectives; literature review; the current project; evaluation design and methods; results for the participatory process, evaluation knowledge (site-specific findings), process use, instrumental use, conceptual use, and cross-site findings leading to going beyond the Toolkit; and discussion. Appendixes provide relevant samples and forms for use and evaluation of the Toolkit. Authored by Campbell, Rebecca; Townsend, Stephanie; Bybee, Deborah; Shaw, Jessica L.; Markowitz, Jennifer.http://nicic.gov/Library/027059Wed, 15 May 2013 10:45:17 -0600027059“As a low-cost delinquency prevention and intervention option that capitalizes on the resources of local communities and caring individuals, mentoring has emerged as a promising delinquency reduction strategy for at-risk or high-risk youth.” This website provides access to materials that will assist you in implementing and sustaining an effective juvenile mentoring program. The criminal justice settings are youth/teen court diversion programs, delinquency court, dependency court, juvenile corrections, juvenile detention, and juvenile probation. You can get: “Referring Youth in Juvenile Justice Settings to Mentoring Programs: Effective Strategies and Practices to Improving the Mentoring Experience for At-Risk and High-Risk Youth: A Resource Compendium”; 6 technical assistance bulletins for the each setting and its use of mentoring; and 6 juvenile justice and mentoring MOU’s (Memorandum of Understandings). SOURCE: Global Youth Justice (Washington, DC); National Partnership for Juvenile Services (NPJS) (Lexington, KY); U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) (Washington, DC). http://nicic.gov/Library/026970Tue, 14 May 2013 16:20:18 -0600026970This report takes an in-depth look at whether long-term solitary confinement constitutes torture, and whether separating the “worst of the worst” from other prisoners is beneficial. Sections of this publication include: the issues; background—repentance in isolation, supreme displeasure, institutionalizing solitary, and constitutional issues; chronology; current situation—fight over supermax, and new litigation; at issue—two opposing views of solitary’s use; and outlook—solitary losing favor. Authored by Katel, Peter.http://nicic.gov/Library/026998Tue, 14 May 2013 16:18:16 -0600026998“This brief provides an overview of the implications of the ACA [Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act] for adults involved with the criminal justice system, as well as information about how professionals in the criminal justice field can help this population access the services now available to them” (p. 1). Sections of this publication cover: the opportunity to increase access to community health for offenders by removing financial barriers to obtaining health insurance; what ACA means to people involved with the criminal justice system—the range of provisions relevant for offenders; the “individual mandate” of ACA—the prescribed minimum level of health insurance; and the role of criminal justice agencies—determine eligibility, facilitate enrollment, and collaboration. The preparation of Illinois for the newly eligible correctional population for Medicaid is also highlighted. SOURCE: Council of State Governments (CSG). Justice Center (Lexington, KY). http://nicic.gov/Library/027180Tue, 14 May 2013 16:13:31 -0600027180“While males constitute the majority, female adolescent offenders are a sizeable minority of the overall delinquent population. Further, those females who become involved in delinquent activities appear to be doing so at a younger age, and they are involved in a wide range of criminal activities, including violent offenses. Objective: The goal of this article is to consolidate an empirical base for our current knowledge about female juvenile offenders’ trauma-related mental health and rehabilitation issues [including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)]” (p. 1). Thirty-three studies are reviewed with pertinent information presented in a table showing Study authors and year, research synopsis, sample (N), measurement instrument, and major findings. Risk factors are also discussed along with promising programs that address these factors. Authored by Foy, David W.; Ritchie, Iya K.; Conway, Alison H..http://nicic.gov/Library/026966Mon, 13 May 2013 12:38:37 -0600026966“A research study in Colorado recently found that administrative segregation has little effect on the psychological well-being of prisoners. We review the Colorado report, finding support for it in other research studies on the effects of prison life, solitary confinement, and sensory deprivation. However, we argue that the Colorado results must be replicated and ultimately only meta-analyses will confirm the utility of their findings to effect sound policies. Finally, some research and clinical practices are recommended to ensure that inmates in segregation are treated humanely and suffer as few iatrogenic consequences as possible.” Recommendations for research and clinical practice offered are: take a meta-analytic perspective; divert inmates that cannot cope with segregation to other cellular accommodations; screen out mentally ill inmates from segregation; prevention, prediction, and treatment for high-risk inmates; and treat inmates respectfully. SOURCE: National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). Authored by Gendreau, Paul; Theriault, Yvette.http://nicic.gov/Library/027001Mon, 13 May 2013 12:24:36 -0600027001“The following notes were compiled by Pam Woll as a post-session handout for this workshop. They were gathered from a number of sources. Wherever a large cluster of information came from the same document, that document is listed. The other elements are synthesized together, so that they can be presented in logical order” (p. 1). This document is a great overview of the issues involved in treating trauma affected women. Its ideas can easily be used in correctional settings to address the needs of female offenders. Sections of these notes are: thought bites; random statistics about women and trauma; post-trauma responses (posttraumatic stress disorder—PTSD)—stages of recovery, women’s responses to trauma, and complex trauma; strength-based approaches—resilience and destigmatizing post-trauma response; stabilization; trauma-informed care; services for women with co-occurring disorders; and intimate partner violence and substance abuse. SOURCE: Michigan Institute for Prevention and Treatment Edcuation (MI-PTE) (Plymouth, MI). Authored by Woll, Pamela.http://nicic.gov/Library/026967Mon, 13 May 2013 12:16:57 -0600026967“This resource is for advocates in community-based anti-domestic violence organizations who are thinking of starting a group for battered women incarcerated in jail, state prison, or federal prison, and for advocates currently facilitating groups in these setting. The issues and topics explored have emerged from a review of writings by group facilitators, sample curricula, and academic research; conversations with group facilitators; and work with incarcerated women over the years. While many of the issues highlighted in this resource focus on working with women in state prisons, we believe much of this information also is relevant to and important for advocates facilitating groups in jails (and possibly even for those working with incarcerated women in ways other than facilitating groups)” (p. 1). Sections of this guide include: introduction; incarcerated women in the U.S.—a brief overview; purpose and structure of group; group guidelines; jail or prison administration, staff, and rules; group topics; other possible forms of advocacy or support; and conclusion. SOURCE: National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women (NCDBW) (Philadelphia, PA). Authored by Bible, Andrea.http://nicic.gov/Library/027025Fri, 10 May 2013 13:35:56 -0600027025“IPP [Insight Prison Project] programs are designed for incarcerated populations to develop insight and awareness about their emotions, behaviors, and motivations; practice new skills; and integrate these new skills into all aspects of their lives in order to correct entrenched negative behavioral patterns. IPP’s programs focus on a socialization process, a process of transformational re-education, that is designed to bring about a shift in ingrained patterns of harmful and destructive behavior; enable men to make life-enhancing choices; and then integrate them into lasting, positive behavior” (p. 3). The core classes (5 of 19) comprising IPP programming and that are evaluated are the Victim Offender Education Group, Yoga, Violence Prevention, Emotional Literacy (with a focus on cognitive behavioral rehabilitation), and the peer mentoring and crisis intervention training program Bothers’ Keepers. Results show that these programs deliver promising influences on the participants’ lives and reduce violence. SOURCE: National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) (. Authored by Silva, Fabiana; Hartney, Christopher.http://nicic.gov/Library/027024Fri, 10 May 2013 13:30:44 -0600027024“Th[is] study involved two parts: 1) a literature review of “innovative programs and initiatives, including local programs and prison-based initiatives, best practices, and contemporary research regarding assessments of programmatic alternatives and pilot projects relating to reducing recidivism in the criminal justice system;”(Act 41, Section 10); and 2) a survey of Vermont criminal justice service providers to identify innovative programs and assess the level of evidenced-based programming in the state. Although this report is not an exhaustive analysis of evidence-based initiatives which reduce recidivism it does suggest an effective strategy for the future collection and dissemination of information regarding evidence-based programs and practices at both the national and state level” (p. I). Recidivism reduction programs by area are cognitive-behavioral, domestic violence, drug courts, DUI/DWI, education and vocational, innovative probation programs, mental health, sex offender treatment, substance abuse treatment, supervision strategies focusing on offender deficits, and transitional housing. Eight effective principles of recidivism reduction programs, recidivism risk assessment tools, and the Vermont Criminal Justice Service Provider Survey are also covered. SOURCE: Vermont Center for Justice Research (Northfield Falls, VT); Norwich Studies and Analysis Institute (Northfield, VT). Authored by Maier, Elizabeth; Wicklund, Peter; Schlueter, Max; Nowicki, Alisha.http://nicic.gov/Library/027023Fri, 10 May 2013 13:29:50 -0600027023This is an excellent publication containing a wealth of information about problems associated with gangs and security threat groups (STGs) in American jails and prisons. Sections of this report include: introduction; prior research; definitions; methodology; characteristics of the responding correctional facilities; scope and extent of the gang/STG problem in American corrections; the issue of gang recruitment behind bars; the issues and controversies about religious worship for inmates and prisoners; the issue of racial extremism and racial conflict behind bars; the issue of gang renunciation—getting out of the gang behind bars; housing gang inmates separate or together—which is best; the politics of gang/STG problems in American corrections; gang/STG abuse of mail and telephone communications in American corrections; other types of problems behind bars caused by gangs/STGs; strategies to control gangs/STG’s behind bars; what should be done to respond to the gang/STG problem; and summary and conclusions. “There are many complex and intricate aspects of the gang/STG problem behind bars. This study is the latest in a long series of prison gang/STG surveys conducted by the National Gang Crime Research Center (NGCRC) dating back to the early 1990's. We are not seeing the gang/STG problem level off yet, which means that gang density is on the rise. The fact is it may be possible at this point for gangs to claim that they run the jails and prisons, because of the power they wield there. We are not seeing any optimism about the chances of reducing or curtailing the gang/STG problem behind bars. Most of the respondents were pessimistic about the future: they expect the gang or STG problem to increase in the next few years” (p. 29). SOURCE: National Gang Crime Research Center (NGCRC) (Peotone, IL). Authored by Knox, George W..http://nicic.gov/Library/027017Thu, 09 May 2013 12:04:22 -0600027017"Any economic study of a justice-related investment needs to use the right cost information in its calculations. The type of cost used makes a difference in the accuracy of a study’s findings, as well as its relevance for policymaking, budgeting, and practice. Vera’s Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit has published this guide to help technical users and general readers understand marginal cost—the amount of change in total cost when a unit of output changes." “This guide [in particular] instructs policy analysts how to calculate a particular kind of taxpayer costs called marginal costs for use in CBAs (cost-benefit analyses) of criminal justice programs and policies … A cost-benefit analysis aims to measure the net benefit to society, but this guide covers only costs to taxpayers and not societal costs of crime, which include fear of crime, avoidance costs, and emotional and physical harm to victims” (p. 4). Sections cover: introduction; what marginal costs are—types of government costs, short-run and long-run marginal costs, and taxpayer benefits versus taxpayer savings; how to calculate marginal costs—methods, and data collection; examples in the justice system—prisons and jails, probation and parole, courts, law enforcement, and programs; recommendations for analysts and justice agencies; resources for methods and data. SOURCE: Vera Institute of Justice. Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit (New York, NY). Authored by Henrichson, Christian; Galgano, Sarah.http://nicic.gov/Library/027254Thu, 09 May 2013 11:43:15 -0600027254“Effective mental health treatments which have undergone testing in both controlled research trials and real-world settings are available for a wide range of diagnosed mental health disorders. The Collection 4th Edition is designed to encourage use of these treatments by professionals providing mental health treatments. The Collection 4th Edition is also designed to inform parents, caregivers, and other stakeholders by providing general information about the various disorders and problems affecting children and adolescents” (p. 5). Access is provided at this website to the whole document or by chapter. Chapters contained in this report are: Introduction; Role of the Family in Treatment Programs; Key Components of Successful Treatment Programs; Reference Chart of Disorders and Evidence-based Treatments; Intellectual Disability ; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Adjustment Disorders--Behavior Disorders (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders), and Maladaptive Behaviors (Sexual Offending, Eating Disorders, Juvenile Firesetting, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior); Habit Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Trauma; Obsessive-compulsive Disorder; Mood Disorders--Depression and Dysthymia and Pediatric Bipolar Disorder; Early-onset Schizophrenia; Substance Use Disorders; Youth Suicide; School-based Mental Health Services; Juvenile Offending; Antidepressants and the Risk of Suicidal Behavior; General Description of Providers; Providers Licensed in Virginia; Terms Used in Virginia's Mental Health Delivery System; and Commonly Used Acronyms and Abbreviations. SOURCE: Virginia Commission on Youth (Richmond, VA). http://nicic.gov/Library/027015Thu, 09 May 2013 11:38:44 -0600027015The issue of cross-gender pat searches is bound to impact a correctional agency. What is unique about this article is that it takes a detailed look at the conflict between the rights of inmates not to be subjected to pat frisks by a member of the opposite sex and the right of correctional staff not to be discriminated against in regards to their gender and opportunities for employment. This Note is divided into four parts that address: cross-gender pat searches and various prisoners’ rights—the First, Fourth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments, Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), and Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA); Title VII and the of female corrections officers; comparing rights and whether one set takes precedence over the other; and solutions to the problem. “Ultimately, this Note argues that an inmate’s rights, including Constitutional rights under the Fourth and Eighth Amendments, take precedence, and therefore, cross-gender pat searches should only be performed during emergencies. There are solutions, however, that respect inmate rights while preserving employment opportunities for both male and female correctional staff. To the extent possible, these solutions must be pursued prior to implementation of a bona fide occupational qualification, thereby preserving the rights of both prisoners and corrections officers” (p. 572). Authored by Gallagher, Robyn.http://nicic.gov/Library/027264Wed, 08 May 2013 16:10:18 -0600027264“The disproportionate number of people with behavioral health disorders involved in the criminal justice system puts a tremendous strain on scarce public resources and has a huge impact on health care and criminal justice budgets. This research summary demonstrates that with appropriate treatment and access to community-based services, this population is less likely to be incarcerated and more likely to lead healthy, productive lives—while resulting in substantial costs savings. Sections of this publication include: introduction; scope of the problem; treatment alternatives to incarceration, how they work, and how they save money—prevention, jail diversion, courts, community reentry planning, and opportunities under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). SOURCE: Vera Institute of Justice (New York, NY). Authored by Cloud, David; Davis, Chelsea.http://nicic.gov/Library/027016Wed, 08 May 2013 16:02:15 -0600027016If you are interested in library services to incarcerated individuals then this article is the place to start. It provides an excellent introduction to the services institutional libraries provide to their users. Topics discussed include; forging public-prison cooperation; Hennepin County’s “ticket to freedom”; a welcoming video; San Diego reintegration; preparing to measure success; equipping tools for financial literacy; Denver reaching out; new challenges for libraries; arts on the inside; and Colorado standards. Authored by Lilienthal, Stephen M..http://nicic.gov/Library/027011Tue, 07 May 2013 16:42:41 -0600027011