U.S. Department of Justice

Women Offenders

NIC, with project partner the Women's Prison Association, has developed "The National Directory of Programs for Women with Criminal Justice Involvement." Learn more about the directory through the "More Information" sidebar in the left column of this page.
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The number of justice-involved women has skyrocketed - at rates exceeding men. Their entry into the criminal justice system, offense patterns, and levels of risk often follow a different path than men and require more targeted approaches. Correctional administrators need to understand and address these differences to improve outcomes for women offenders.

Assistance is available to local jurisdictions wishing to examine and improve their responses to this population. Agencies with sole or shared responsibility for managing women who come in contact with the criminal justice assistance can apply for limited, short-term technical assistance. Assistance may focus on women's pathways to criminal behavior and gender-responsive practices that improve outcomes in the community.

Agencies can also request technical assistance for reviewing current practices and identifying areas that require the design of more gender-responsive decision making processes, assessment tools, and program interventions that accomplish the jurisdiction's public policy goals.

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Recommended Reading

Date Title Type
2011

Individuals concerned with violence perpetrated against women and girls in our society need to read this report. A new way to address trauma in any setting, called trauma-informed care, is described, noting that it is “a way for different agencies an... Read More
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2010

NIC Publication
“The purpose of this bulletin is to explore the literature and summarize the empirical evidence related to the impact of employment on the criminal behavior of women” (p. 2). Sections comprising this publication are: female offender demographics; bar... Read More
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2008

NIC Publication
The development of new risk/needs assessments specifically designed for female offenders is discussed. This report is comprised of these sections: the case for women's needs; development of new assessments; construction validation research; full ins... Read More
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2005

NIC Publication
Reviews information on gender-specific policies, programs, and services in corrections. Topics covered by this bulletin include: the Gender-Responsive Strategies Project -- approach and findings; defining gender responsiveness; national profile of w... Read More
PDF
2008

"[T]o what degree programs and services meet the needs and life circumstances of female inmates" is assessed by the Santa Clara County Women's Advocacy initiative (p. 4). Sections contained in this report include: executive summary; Solution 14 -- t... Read More
PDF
2001

NIC Publication
The unique challenges of providing health care to women incarcerated in adult facilities are discussed during this 20-hour training program. Sections of this manual cover: objectives and overview; managing women offenders; litigation issues; health ... Read More
PDF
2004

NIC Publication
A report which highlights the results of two cooperative agreements from the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) addressing the critical need for gender-specific objective classification systems is presented.  Following an executive summary ... Read More
PDF
2000

NIC Publication
There are 250 programs developed to specifically meet women offenders' needs described within this directory. Program entries include information regarding: program name and contact; jurisdiction it participates under; launch date; mode of delivery; ... Read More
PDF
2001

NIC Publication
The needs, strengths, weaknesses, and risks associated with female offenders are examined. Topics discussed during this teleconference include: the unique and complex issues surrounding female offenders; barriers that female offenders encounter in th... Read More
2008

"In response to the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA), this project . . . examined the context and correlates of both violence and safety in correctional facilities for women" (p. 1). This report is divided into three parts after an abstract... Read More
PDF
2006

NIC Publication
The development and implementation of the Cook County Sheriff's Department of Women's Justice Services (DWJS) is discussed. This bulletin is comprised of these sections: introduction; background; the decisionmaking process; decision point mapping ex... Read More
PDF
2000

NIC Publication
Intervention effectiveness can be improved by understanding how women respond to sanctions. This 6-hour course addressed sentencing practices in relation to female offenders through the following modules: why focus on women offenders?; the judicial r... Read More
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2002

NIC Publication
Responses from 54 agencies that answered this survey are analyzed and reported. The following sections are contained in this report: introduction; project method; agency initiatives related to families of inmates; facility assignment and visitation a... Read More
PDF
2002

NIC Publication
Results from an examination of "staffing analysis processes and staffing outcomes in prisons or units housing three inmate populations" are presented (p. 1). Sections of this report include: project method; key findings; themes in staffing and staffi... Read More
PDF
2005

NIC Publication
The use of gender-responsive strategies with women involved in the community corrections system is explained. Sections comprising this report are: what community corrections is; what gender-responsiveness for women offenders in community corrections... Read More
PDF
2005

NIC Publication
Current research about women offenders and strategies for evaluating current operating procedures related to women offenders are covered. Sections of this bulletin include: introduction; women in jail -- their numbers and characteristics; the Gender... Read More
PDF
2006

NIC Publication
The gender-responsive Women Offender Case Management Model (WOCMM) is described. This document covers: the history of the project; philosophy and core practices; process incorporating four core elements (e.g., engage and assess, enhance motivation, ... Read More
PDF
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Related Resources

Date Title Type
2000

NIC Publication
There are 250 programs developed to specifically meet women offenders' needs described within this directory. Program entries include information regarding: program name and contact; jurisdiction it participates under; launch date; mode of delivery; ... Read More
PDF
2001

NIC Publication
The needs, strengths, weaknesses, and risks associated with female offenders are examined. Topics discussed during this teleconference include: the unique and complex issues surrounding female offenders; barriers that female offenders encounter in th... Read More
1992

NIC Publication
This report describes various strategies and programs that appear to provide effective community supervision and/or treatment of female offenders. It describes the results of a national survey of public and private community programs that supervise f... Read More
PDF
1995

NIC Publication
The Intermediate Sanctions for Women Offenders Policy Group compiled and analyzed qualitative and quantitative information on women offenders, the criminal justice decision making process, and programming resources available to women offenders in Ore... Read More
PDF
2005

NIC Publication
The use of gender-responsive strategies with women involved in the community corrections system is explained. Sections comprising this report are: what community corrections is; what gender-responsiveness for women offenders in community corrections... Read More
PDF
2006

NIC Publication
Ninety-nine items accessible on the web are organized into the following areas: women in prison; women in jail; women in community corrections; and girls in the juvenile justice system.... Read More
PDF
2006

NIC Publication
The gender-responsive Women Offender Case Management Model (WOCMM) is described. This document covers: the history of the project; philosophy and core practices; process incorporating four core elements (e.g., engage and assess, enhance motivation, ... Read More
PDF
Show All/Print View

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Available Training Opportunities

  • Starts Mar. 12, 2012 - Operational Practice in the Management of Women's Prisons
    In addition to receiving traditional classroom instruction, participants in Operational Practices in the Management of Women’s Prisons will explore the operation of a women’s facility and analyze operations from a gender informed perspective.
  • Starts May. 07, 2012 - Operational Practice in the Management of Women's Prisons
    In addition to receiving traditional classroom instruction, participants in Operational Practices in the Management of Women’s Prisons will explore the operation of a women’s facility and analyze operations from a gender informed perspective.
  • Available Online - Workforce Development and Women Offenders
    This e-course is intended for individuals working or volunteering in prisons, jails, community corrections, community and faith-based organizations, U.S. Department of Labor One-Stops, and other governmental organizations such as health and human services who are interested in workforce development issues specific to women offenders.
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