A comprehensive reference that provides guidance in the provision of health services to inmates is presented. This manual contains the following chapters: introduction; historical overview -- the movement to improve correctional health care; legal considerations in the delivery of health care services in prisons and jails; ethical considerations and the interface with custody; the organizational structure of correctional health services; staffing considerations; health care delivery system model; programming for special health needs; women's health needs and services; health promotion and disease prevention; planning correctional health facilities; data management and documentation; improving the quality of correctional health care; cost considerations -- financing, budgeting, and fiscal management; and conclusions and future issues. Appendixes provide: Health Summary for Classification; sample organizational structure charts; coverage factor calculation summary; comparative analysis of health care standards in prisons and jails; sample health record forms; matrix for special health needs; sample mental health policies; NCCHC's "Position Statement on the Administrative Management of Inmates With HIV-Positive Test Results or AIDS"; sample clinic/infirmary equipment list; sample quality improvement policy and guidelines; cost-comparison tables; and about the NCCHC.