This Technical Assistance Publication (TAP) “[d]escribes core elements of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) programs for people with or at risk for substance use disorders. [It also] [d]escribes SBIRT services implementation, covering challenges, barriers, cost, and sustainability.” Five chapters are contained in this publication: introduction; SBIRT overview-defining screening. brief intervention, brief treatment, and referral to treatment, the SBIRT process the problem with SBIRT, the benefits and efficacy of SBIRT, cost-effectiveness/benefit cost, and its use with other behavioral health disorders; SBIRT implementation process; implementation and sustainability issues-barriers to and facilitators of successful SBIRT implementation, confidentiality, Uniform Accident and Sickness Policy Provision Law, reimbursement, and sustainability beyond reimbursement; and case examples-the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SBIRT grantee experience in Washington State and New Mexico.