This paper discusses the origins and history of Electronic Monitoring and the literature concerning its effects on pretrial outcomes, such as failure to appear (FTA), re-arrest for a new crime while on release, or technical violations, such as curfew violations, unauthorized absences, or tampering with EM equipment. This paper does not address EM imposed after conviction. Research has found that individuals subject to EM behave differently in pre and post-trial settings. Researchers believe this may be attributable to defendants in a pretrial setting believing they can avoid consequences by failing to appear.
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