This publication covers:
- the period of first contact and youth of color;
- the clash over family structure with Northern tribes;
- Black child during the early settlement period;
- the industrial age and youth of color;
- detention centers for youth are created, excluding Blacks;
- parens patriae arrives;
- John Augustus and alternatives to incarceration;
- the antebellum South and Black children;
- tribal families and boarding schools;
- the juvenile court era and youth of color;
- Latinos and youth justice;
- school discipline, youth justice, and youth of color;
- and equity as the preferred strategy.