Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Shackled to Debt: Criminal Justice Financial Obligations and the Barriers to Re-Entry They Create (2017)

Martin, Karin D., Sandra Susan Smith, and Wendy Still. Harvard Kennedy School Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management (Cambridge, MA), and National Institute of Justice (NIJ) (Washington, DC).

The "authors discuss the long-term and unintended consequences of criminal justice financial obligations (CJFOs): fines, forfeiture of property, court fees, supervision fees, and restitution" (p. 2).

Notice about external resources

These links are being provided as a convenience and for informational purposes only; they do not constitute an endorsement or an approval by the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) of any of the products, services or opinions of the corporation or organization or individual. NIC bears no responsibility for the accuracy, legality or content of the external site or for that of subsequent links. Contact the external site for answers to questions regarding its content.