"NIJ identifies the technology needs of parole and probation agencies as well as other community-based programs and, whenever possible, draws on directly available technology that can be quickly adapted for use by these organizations."

"The first electronic monitoring (EM) devices were developed in the 1960s with the intent of providing feedback to young-adult-offender volunteers to facilitate their rehabilitation, but that approach was not widely accepted. Following their reemergence in the 1980s in support of a more punitive model of offender treatment, such devices were used principally for home detention applications. By 1990 radio-frequency (RF) technologies were in-use in all 50 states."

"Each year, millions of pretrial defendants and convicted offenders are supervised in their communities as they await trial or serve periods of probation or parole. Local and state agencies are increasingly using electronic monitoring (EM) technologies to supplement supervision, tracking where offenders go and whether they are using alcohol or drugs.

"Two NIJ-supported studies with very different results show that GPS technology may be used to help prevent crime in various ways."

"Electronic monitoring (EM) has a well-established place in the U.S. correctional landscape as a tool for supervising offenders living in the community. Statistics on the extent of EM use vary, but a recent projection estimated about 200,000 units in use. The use of EM technology is expected to grow considerably as more legislation is passed calling for expanded use of EM supervision for offenders. Most states have passed legislation governing the use of EM technology, and some call for lifetime monitoring of certain offender populations.

"Two NIJ-supported studies with very different results show that GPS technology may be used to help prevent crime in various ways. Using sophisticated technology to control crime generally appeals to both the public and policymakers because it prompts visions of reduced crime and improved safety. GPS technology can track an offender's movements in real time and is designed to reduce crime by enhancing the likelihood that law enforcement will detect criminal behavior.

"Franklin County Adult Probation office is watching more than 100 offenders through the use of electronic gadgets"

"The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Electronic Monitoring Home Detention (EMHD) program on post-program recidivism status of those who have participated in the program. The second objective of this study is to determine what factors best predict post-EMHD program recidivism. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed on a fourteen-variable model attempting to predict post-program recidivism status for the subjects who have been sentenced in the EMHD program. The analyses of the data in this study are based on a total of 293 subjects.

"Home confinement or house arrest—with and without electronic monitoring (or EM)—is an intermediate community corrections program designed to restrict the activities of juvenile offenders in the community. Home confinement restricts juvenile offenders’ freedom by requiring them to remain at home during specified times: at all times, at all times except when in school or working, or at night—that is, curfews (Austin, Johnson, and Weitzer 2005).

"Franc Cano and Steven Dean Gordon proved not once but allegedly twice that GPS trackers can't stop criminal activity"